Infectious Disease 2: bacterial infections Flashcards
Antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis (non-colorectal)
cefazolin
alternatives: vancomycin, clindamycin
antibiotics for colorectal or intra-abdominal surgical prophylaxis
cefotetan cefoxitin Unasyn ertapenmen or metronidazole + (cefazolin or ceftriaxone)
meningitis treatment for neonates
ampicillin + cefotaxime + gentamicin
meningitis treatment for 1 mo to 50 years old
(cetriaxone or cefotaxime) & vancomycin
meningitis treatment for > 50 years old or immunocompromised any age
ampicillin + (cetriaxone or cefotaxime) + vancomycin
influenza treatment
oseltamivir x 5 days
zanamivir inhalation x 5 days
baloxavir x 1 dose
S. pyogenes treatment
penicillin x 10 days
amoxicillin x 10 days
azithromycin x 5 days
sinusitis treatment
Augmentin
ABECB treatment inclusion and preferred antibiotics
increased dyspnea, sputum volume and sputum purulence OR mechanically ventilated
Augmentin
azithromycin
doxycycline
Outpatient CAP treatment category 1 (no comorbidities)
HD amoxicillin (1 g TID) or
doxycycline or
macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin if resistance is <25%)
Outpatient CAP treatment category 2 (with comorbidities)
comorbidities include: chronic heart, liver, renal disease, DM, alcoholism, malignancy or asplenia
beta-lactam + (macrolide or doxycycline)
(Augmentin or cefpodoxime or cefdinir or
cefuroxime) & (macrolide or doxycycline)
monotherapy with respiratory quinolone: (moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin)
Nonsevere non-ICU inpatient CAP treatment
(Similar to category 2)
beta-lactam + (macrolide or doxycycline)
(Augmentin or cefpodoxime or cefdinir or
cefuroxime) & (macrolide or doxycycline)
monotherapy with respiratory quinolone: (moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin)
Severe inpatient CAP treatment
beta-lactam + macrolide
or
beta-lactam + respiratory quinalone
Onset of HAP
> 48 hours after admission
Onset of VAP
> 48 hours after the start of mechanical ventilation
HAP/VAP low risk for MRSA or MDR pathogens
1 antibiotic to cover Pseudomonas and MSSA
cefepime
Zosyn
HAP/VAP risk for MRSA but low risk for MDR pathogens
2 antibiotics combinations, one for MRSA and one for Pseudomonas
cefepime + vancomycin
meropenem + linezolid
HAP/VAP risk for both MRSA and MDR pathogens
3 antibiotic combination, one for MRSA and two for Pseudomonas
Zosyn + ciprofloxacin + vancomycin
cefepime + gentamicin + linezolid
Identifying risk for MRSA or MDR pathogens
positive MRSA nasal swab
high prevalence of resistant pathogens in hospital unit
IV abx use within the last 90 days
Preferred Latent TB therapy in adults, children > 2 yo and HIV+ patients
INH + rifapentine once weekly x 12 weeks (via DOT)
Preferred Latent TB therapy for children of all ages and HIV - patients
Rifampin 600 mg daily for 4 months
Preferred Latent TB therapy in adults and children of all ages and HIV + patients
Isoniazid with rifampin daily for 3 months
Latent TB treatment in pregnancy
INH for 9 months
Active tuberculosis treatment
Intensive phase: rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months
Continuation phase: rifampin and isoniazid for 4-7 months
