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NAPLEX 2021 (select RxPrep&PNN) > Infectious Disease 2: bacterial infections > Flashcards

Infectious Disease 2: bacterial infections Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis (non-colorectal)

A

cefazolin

alternatives: vancomycin, clindamycin

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2
Q

antibiotics for colorectal or intra-abdominal surgical prophylaxis

A 
cefotetan
cefoxitin
Unasyn
ertapenmen
or
metronidazole + (cefazolin or ceftriaxone)
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3
Q

meningitis treatment for neonates

A

ampicillin + cefotaxime + gentamicin

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4
Q

meningitis treatment for 1 mo to 50 years old

A

(cetriaxone or cefotaxime) & vancomycin

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5
Q

meningitis treatment for > 50 years old or immunocompromised any age

A

ampicillin + (cetriaxone or cefotaxime) + vancomycin

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6
Q

influenza treatment

A

oseltamivir x 5 days

zanamivir inhalation x 5 days

baloxavir x 1 dose

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7
Q

S. pyogenes treatment

A

penicillin x 10 days

amoxicillin x 10 days

azithromycin x 5 days

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8
Q

sinusitis treatment

A

Augmentin

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9
Q

ABECB treatment inclusion and preferred antibiotics

A

increased dyspnea, sputum volume and sputum purulence OR mechanically ventilated

Augmentin

azithromycin

doxycycline

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10
Q

Outpatient CAP treatment category 1 (no comorbidities)

A

HD amoxicillin (1 g TID) or

doxycycline or

macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin if resistance is <25%)

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11
Q

Outpatient CAP treatment category 2 (with comorbidities)

A

comorbidities include: chronic heart, liver, renal disease, DM, alcoholism, malignancy or asplenia

beta-lactam + (macrolide or doxycycline)

(Augmentin or cefpodoxime or cefdinir or

cefuroxime) & (macrolide or doxycycline)

monotherapy with respiratory quinolone: (moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin)

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12
Q

Nonsevere non-ICU inpatient CAP treatment

A

(Similar to category 2)

beta-lactam + (macrolide or doxycycline)

(Augmentin or cefpodoxime or cefdinir or

cefuroxime) & (macrolide or doxycycline)

monotherapy with respiratory quinolone: (moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin)

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13
Q

Severe inpatient CAP treatment

A

beta-lactam + macrolide

or

beta-lactam + respiratory quinalone

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14
Q

Onset of HAP

A

> 48 hours after admission

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15
Q

Onset of VAP

A

> 48 hours after the start of mechanical ventilation

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16
Q

HAP/VAP low risk for MRSA or MDR pathogens

A

1 antibiotic to cover Pseudomonas and MSSA

cefepime

Zosyn

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17
Q

HAP/VAP risk for MRSA but low risk for MDR pathogens

A

2 antibiotics combinations, one for MRSA and one for Pseudomonas

cefepime + vancomycin

meropenem + linezolid

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18
Q

HAP/VAP risk for both MRSA and MDR pathogens

A

3 antibiotic combination, one for MRSA and two for Pseudomonas

Zosyn + ciprofloxacin + vancomycin

cefepime + gentamicin + linezolid

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19
Q

Identifying risk for MRSA or MDR pathogens

A

positive MRSA nasal swab

high prevalence of resistant pathogens in hospital unit

IV abx use within the last 90 days

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20
Q

Preferred Latent TB therapy in adults, children > 2 yo and HIV+ patients

A

INH + rifapentine once weekly x 12 weeks (via DOT)

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21
Q

Preferred Latent TB therapy for children of all ages and HIV - patients

A

Rifampin 600 mg daily for 4 months

22
Q

Preferred Latent TB therapy in adults and children of all ages and HIV + patients

A

Isoniazid with rifampin daily for 3 months

23
Q

Latent TB treatment in pregnancy

A

INH for 9 months

24
Q

Active tuberculosis treatment

A

Intensive phase: rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months

Continuation phase: rifampin and isoniazid for 4-7 months

25
Q

rifampin

Side effects and notes

A

Increased LFT, hemolytic anemia (positive Coombs test) flu-like syndrome, orange-red discoloration of skin and body secretions

CYP3A4 inducer , may replace with rifabutin in some cases

26
Q

isoniazid (INH)

concurrent adminstration, BW, SE

A

Adminster with pyridoxine (B6) 25-50 mg to decrease risk of induced peripheral neuropathy

BW: hepatitis

peripheral neuropathy

SE: increased LFT, DILE, hemolytic anemia (positive Coombs test)

27
Q

pyrazinadmide

CI, SE

A

C/I acute gout

SE: increased LFT, hyperuricemia/gout

28
Q

ethambutol SE

A

Increased LFT, optic neuritis, confusion, hallucinations

29
Q

Increased LFT, optic neuritis, confusion, hallucinations

A

amoxicillin 2 grams 30-60 mins before procedure

alt: clinda 600 mg or azithro/clarthro 500 mg

30
Q

Presentation and treatment: impetigo

A

honey-colored crusts

topical mupirocin

cephalexin 250 mg PO QID

31
Q

treatment: follicuitits/furuncles/carbuncles

A

MSSA: cephalexin 500 mg PO QID

MRSA: SMX/TMP DS

doxycycline

32
Q

treatment of non-purulent cellulitis

A

cephalexin 500 mg PO QID

33
Q

treatment of purulent absess

A

SMX/TMP DS

Doxycycline

34
Q

treatment for severe purulent SSTI

A

Vancomycin

daptomycin

linezolid

35
Q

treatment for necrotizing fasclitis

A

vancomycin + (Zosyn, imipenem/cilastatin, or meropenem)

36
Q

treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis

A

nitrofurantoin 100 mg PO BID with food x 5 days

or

Bactrim DS 1 tab PO BID x 3 days

37
Q

treatment for acute cystitis in pregnancy

A

cephalexin

amoxicilin

38
Q

how long to treat asymptomatic pregnant women with cystitis

39
Q

treatment for uncomplicated pyelonephritis

A

cipro

levo

ceftriaxone

bactrim

40
Q

phenazopyridine use in UTI

A

relieve dysuria

treatment is 2 days max

take with 8oz of water after a meal

red-orange discoloration of urine and bodily fluids (harmless)

41
Q

treatment for syphillis (< 1 year duration)

A

Bicillin L-A: 2.4 million units IM x1

42
Q

treatment for late latent syphilis

A

Bicillin L-A: 2.4 million units IM weekly x 3 weeks

43
Q

treatment for gonorrhea

A

ceftrixone 500 mg IM x1

and

azithromycin 1 g PO x1

(monotherapy is not recommended)

44
Q

treatment for chlamydia

A

azithromycin 1 gram PO x1

45
Q

treatment for bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole

46
Q

trichomoniasis presentation

A

fishy frothy green/yellow discharge only in female anatomy

47
Q

trichomoniasis treatment

A

metronidazole 2 grams PO x1

48
Q

CDC recommendation for trichomoniasis treatment in pregnancy

A

metronidazole is recommended in all trimesters; despite it being C/I in the first trimester

49
Q

treatment for HPV (genital warts)

A

imiquimod cream

50
Q

which rickettsial diseases are treated with doxycycline?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Typhus

Lyme disease

Ehrlichiosis

NAPLEX 2021 (select RxPrep&PNN) (5 decks)

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