Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANSC 375 mt 2 > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is an infectious disease

A

any disease caused by invasion by a pathogen that grows and multiplies in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what / who infectious disease impact

A

-animals
-producers
-regional trade
-national trade
-international trade
-trade policies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

infectious agents

A

-viruss
-bacteria
-fungal
-parasites
-protozoa
-prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

contagious meaning

A

an agent capable of being spread from one indiv to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

types of infections

A
  1. primary
  2. oppurtunistic
  3. adventitial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

primary pathogens

A

causes disease among normal (healthy) individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

cause disease only to indiv whos innate and/or acquired immune system is compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adventitial pathogens

A

cause in fection by acccident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how are nomenclatures determined for infections

A
  1. site of infection
  2. route of pathogen acquisition
  3. virulence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

site of infections classifications

A
  1. superficial
  2. cutatneous
  3. subcutaneous
  4. systemic
    -infections depend on the degree and involvement of the pathogens w body tissues ex. its more serious if the pathogen is in systemic (organs) rather than superficial (surface of skin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

routes of acquisition

A
  1. endogenous
  2. exogenous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

exogenous pathogen routes for entry

A

comes from outside the body
ex. airborne, cutaneous or percutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

virus def

A

-one of the smallest life forms
-replciating microorganism
- simplicity = obligate reqs for intracellular growth and heavy dependence of host-cell structure and metabolic components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

virus characteristics

A
  • collections in nucleic acid, protein and some lipid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

virion

A

complete virus particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

virus goal

A

transfer nucleic acids from one cell to another
-each has individual methods to enter and then exit the cell
-can rupture the cell on exit and lyses the cell (a bud) and have infection latency (from the cell lysing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do we know about viruses

A

-replication
-tissues tropism
-intracell mechs
-pahtogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of viruses are the most virulent

A

viral infections that ere once considered eradicated and re emerging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

virus contagiousness

A

-can spread local (cell to cell)
- can spread freely thru blood and lymphatic system
- can be primary oppor or advent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rinderpest

A

-primary pathogen (virus)
-PARAMYXOVIRUS (call it by this)
-peste de petits ruminant
-distemper
-measles virus same type
-“cattle plague”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

rinderpest impacts

A
  • mortality 100% in naive animals
    -200 mill dead in 18th century
    -75-225 mill African species dead
  • napoleon bonaparte’s conquest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

rinderpest clinical signs

A

-depressed
-diarrhea w or wo hemorrhage
-gaunt
-dehydration
-oral lesions = starvation
-intestinal lesions
-necrosis
-congestion
-hemorrhage
-epithelium effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

rinderpest outside alimentary system

A

-extra alimentary lesions
- immune depression
-respiratory lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hwo to control and prevent viruses

A

1.vaccination
- target specific or immunomodulants
-prblem: all easy viral vaccines are produced
2.antimicrbls: anti viral but not practical in livestock
3. quarantine
- problem: non reporter vaccine
4. test and slaughter
-seropositive animals euthanized and whole farms or regions
5. trade restrictions
- exotic diseases that decimate agriculture ex. FMD, rinderpest, newcastle’s and public health concerns ex. influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bacteria characterirstics
-prokaryotes -dont need host cell components to survive ex. nucleic acids, proteins, lipids
26
bacteria invasion mech
by cells or intercellular spaces
27
bacteria injury
releases exotoxins or endo toxins
28
bacteria contagiousnes
-spread locally but not cell to cell contact - spread free by blood or lymph circulation -can be primary, opportunistic, adventitial
29
glanders burkholderia mallei (pseudomonas mallei)
-napoleon bonaparte conquest - biological weapon in WW1 to infect russian horses and mules to affect calvary and supplies -also infected lots of ppl (zoonotic) -WWII: japanes infected, POW military, civilians (suspect russia)
30
glanders clinical signs
- abscesses -high lvl of respiratoy mucus
31
glanders abscesses
- abscess filed w lots of bacteria so if it explodes it could fuck ppl up
32
atrophic rhinitis
-opportunistic - hallmark= symmetric face (septic deviation)
33
atrophic rhinitis type of pathogen
-opportunistic - needs mucosal irritation (breach of innate immune system) 1. bordatella (kennel cough) 2. high ammonia (corrosive)
34
pig snout ranking
-rank from 0-6 from not infected to most infected - 0 is not infected, no nasal deviation -6 is most infected with complete loss of turbinates -scoring system for degrees of abnormality
35
pig snout components
- dorsal turbinates -ventral turbinates -nasal septum -1st premolar tooth
36
how to see snout symmetry
-pig snouts sawn off btwn 1st and 2nd premolar teeth
37
bacteria control and prevention
1.vaccination - target specific or immunomodulants -prblem: all easy viral vaccines are produced 2.antimicrbls: anti viral but not practical in livestock 3. quarantine - problem: non reporter vaccine 4. test and slaughter -seropositive animals euthanized and whole farms or regions 5. trade restrictions: exotic diseases ex. contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (agriculture) and anthrax (public health)
38
fungi/molds
-eukaryotes -uptakes nutrients from the enviro (primary decomposer of dead material) -asexual and sexual reproduction cycles
39
fungi / mold forms
- hyphae: long tubes and mat of hyphae - yeasts: budding form - mushroom: edible / non edible fungi bodies - dimorphic ( main pathogen form) 1. in the environment = hyphae 2. in the host = yeast
40
fungi / mold injury
- cell and interstitial dmg
41
fungi / mold contagiousness
- local spread: not cell to cell contact - other cells - free spread: blood and lymph -primary, opportunistic or adventitial
42
cryptococcus neoformans
- primary pathogen - dimorphic - primary pathogen of ppl - mammal only pathogen
43
c. neoformans region of effect
vancouver island (c neoformans var. gatti)
44
c. neoformans efffects
-lungs (oppor.) - CNS (oppor.) - dermis (skin) (primary)
45
c neoformans mechanism
- disseminates systematically in immune compromised ppl and other species
46
c. neoformans clinical signs
- budding yeast in lesions -skin infections (easiest to treat by cutting) - lung infection: possible treatment = lobectomy - brain hemorrhage - post recovery leaves brain cavities
47
aspergillus
- opportunistic pathogen - only occur in compromised animals ex grain overload, neoplasia, aspiration, pneumonias etc. - can cause mortality like dimorphic fungi
48
aspergillius clinical signs
- lesions all over body - asymmetry bc of facial nerve paralysis - granulomas: fungal tumours - effects lungs, heart, eye and brain
49
fungi / mold control and treatment
- vaccination can be target specific doesnt need immunomodulants - antimicrobials: can be unsafe bc eukaryotic antimicrobials can also target mammal cells - no quarantine - no testing and slaughter - no trade restrictions
50
parasites
-eukaryotes -complex life cycles with many dev stages and various intermediate hosts
51
types of parasites
- endoparasite: insde body ex. guts and lungs - ectoparasite: outside body ex. skin - epiparasite: lives off another parasite
52
parasite injury
-nutritional depletion -aberrant migrations - chronic tissue injury = injury development - persistent infestation
53
parsite contagiousness
- host to host -environment to host - primary, opportunistic or adventitial
54
screwworm myasis
-parasite -fly infection
55
screwworm mechs
- larvae emerge 8-12 hr after eggs deposited into wound -hundreds of larvae in wound -little mvmnt = difficult to see in wound - eats healthy flesh
56
screwworm effects
- bloody foul discharge for 3 days - animals depressed -off feed -stand in water to alleviate discomfort -ppl effects same clinical signs as animals
57
screwworm types
-western hemispher: new screwworm -eastern hemisphere: old screwworm and new screwworm
58
untreated screwworm
- death occurs from secondary infection- when digging into body cavities they bring bacteria w them - more female flies will be attracted by the wound and deposit more eggs -larvae burrow deep into tissues when disturbed causing pleuritis, peritonitis, sinusitis
59
echinococcus sp.
cystic hyatid disease - opportunistic or adventitial
60
echinococus species
-e. granulosis: cause large cysts -e. multilocularis: multiple small cysts that destroy tissue like neoplasia
61
echinoccocus spp. hosts
-definitive host: carnivores (canines) --> adult tapework (trematode) releases eggs into enviro -intermediate hosts: herbivores (prey) gets cysts and become infective (protoscolisces) -dead end intermediate : humans
62
parasite control and treatments
- vaccination: target specific and small number of immunomodulants -anthelminthics: usually safe and unspecific species treatment -no quarantine -no test and slaughter -trade restrictions for ectoparasites \\

ANSC 375 mt 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions