INFECTIOUS DISEASE Flashcards
Cause of Varicella (chknpox)?
Varicella zoster virus
isolation precautions for Varicella?
contact/airborne
Varicella manifestations?
Rash on trunk, macule to crusty vesicles & pruritic
Varicella treatment?
PO Acyclovir (shorten duration), Supportive (baths, antihistamines)
Can you take Aspirin w/ Varicella?
NO
Reyes
What causes Rubella (german/3-day)
Rubeola (virus)
Manifestations of Rubella?
Sore throat, swollen lympth nodes
Fine light pink maculopapular rash face to chest (!!)
isolation precautions for Rubella?
Droplet & contact
Treatment/care for Rubella?
Supportive care (antipyretics)
Education on isolation while active
whats the active period for rubella?
1 week after the rash starts
most common diagnosed age for rubella & why?
@ 6 months bc unvaccinated
Cause of Rubeola (Measles)?
Morbillivirus (virus)
S/sx of Rubeola??
conjunctivitis
high fever (105)
Koplik spots
facial rash
when do Koplik spots appear?
24-48hr before face rash
which measles if worse?
German/3day (pink rash on trunk)
what do Koplik spots look like?
blue-ish white dots on red mucousa often in mouth
what type of patients can’t recieve the varicella vaccine?
chemotherapy & known allergy
bc varicella is live
which vaccines contain live virus?
MMR, Rotavirus & Varicella
common side effect of immunizations?
injection site redness, tenderness
low grade fever
drowsiness
increased fusiness
what would NOT be an expected side effect of immunizations?
wheezing (anaphylaxis)
what infection doesnt require droplet/contact isolations?
Varicella (airborne)
which infections require droplet/contact isolations?
S: scarlett fever
H: HiB
R: Rubella (g)
I: Influenza
M: Mumps
P: Pertussis
P: Pneumococcal
for which diseases can’t you give aspirin?
Varicella
Influenza
which 2 conditions are caused by a virus?
Polio & varicella
Cause of Haemophilus influenza B? (HiB)
type B bacteria
s/sx of Hib?
upper respiratory infection
otitis media
sinusitis
how do you treat HiB
Abx (cepholosporins)
cefotaxime/ceftriaxone
s/sx of influenza?
high fever
myalgia
HA
sore throat
treatment for flu?
antipyretics
NO aspirin
cause of Mumps?
Paramyxovirus
s/sx of mumps?
MILD fever
malaise
anorexia
ear pain
enlarged parotid glands
cause of pertussis?
Bordetella pertussis bacteria
s/sx of pertussis?
Whooping cough (DRY)
can cause apnea in infants
monitor what w/ pertussis?
airway & O2
treatment for pertussis?
Abx
cause of tetanus?
Clostridium tetani in cut/wound
s/sx of tetanus?
HA
stiff neck
Jaw muscle spasms
Can lead to seizures
treatment for tetanus?
Abx
surgical debridement
tetanus Ig
cause of scarlet fever?
group A beta hemolytic streptococci
when does scarlet fever often occur?
following pharyngeal infection
w/ GAS (group A strep)
s/sx scarlet fever?
acute fever
sore throat
sandpaper like rash (12-48 hr after onset)
red strawberry tongue
fingertips peel
treatment for scarlet fever?
Abx
cause of pneumococcal?
streptococcus pneumonia bacteria
s/sx of pneumococcal?
upper resp infection
high fever
pleuritic chest pain (stabbing pain worse on inhale)
cough/chills (cough up blood)
treatment for pneumococcal?
Abx (penicillin)
supportive care
what causes mononucleosis?
epstein barr virus
s/sx of mononucleosis?
fever
lymphadenopathy
fatigue
anemia
pharyngitis
long term sequelae of mono?
Hepatosplenomegaly
edu w/ mono?
No contact sports for 2 years - spleen rupture risk
treatment for mono?
bedrest
may give steroids if resp issues
