Infectious Disease Flashcards
Prophylaxis for bronchiolitis
Palivizumab
common cause of croup
Parainfluenza
Tx for suspected chlamydia/gonorrhoea in epididymitis
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin
Tx for suspected enteric organism in epididymitis
Ofloxacin
Reportable
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Diphtheria
Measles
Mumps
Pertussis
Rabies
Rubella
Tetanus
Hepatitis a transmission
Faecal oral
Rarely through blood products
Close contact
Contaminated food
Sexual contact with an infected person
Positive hepatitis A IgG with negative hepatitis A IgM
Immunity
Positive hepatitis A IgM, with or without hepatitis A IgG
Recent or acute infection
hepatitis B transmission
Blood and other bodily fluids
IVDU
Mother to neonate
Household contacts
Interpretation of hep b lab tests - positive HBsAg
Acute or chronic infection
Interpretation of hep b lab tests - anti-HBs
Immunity through any cause
Interpretation of hep b lab tests - anti-HBc IgM and IgG
IgM - infection previous 6 months
IgG - more distant infection
Interpretation of hep b lab tests - HBeAg
High level viral replication
Interpretation of hep b lab tests - anti-HBe
Low viral replication
Interpretation of hep b lab tests - HBV DNA
level of replication
Tx for chronic hepatitis B infection
Recombinant interferon alfa-2b
Entecavir
Hepatitis C transmission
IV drug use
Blood transfusion or transplant prior to 1992
Unhygienic, tattoo or piercing
Diagnostic testing for hepatitis C
Anti-HCV
if negative and high suspicion do HCV-RNA, if positive HCV positive and immunosuppression
What are the vaccinations to give in asplenia?
Pneumococcal
haemophilus influenza type B
Meningococcal
Influenza
Antibiotic for diphtheria
Erythromycin
Symptoms of measles
Conjunctivitis, coryza, cough, fever, photophobia, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, Koplik spots, rash starting on head descending
What to give if exposure to rabies
Rabies, IVG and HDCV
Signs of rubella
Transient erythematous rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, low grade fever, petechia on soft palate
What is Kernig’s sign?
Pain with passive extension of a flex knee
What is bruzinski’s sign?
Flexion of neck with involuntary flexion of the knee and hip
Work up for possible meningitis
CT head. If normal can do LP.
Blood cultures
CBC electrolytes
Most common pathogen for meningitis age 0 to 4 weeks and antimicrobial
E. coli, listeria, klebsiella
Ampicillin and cefotaxime
Most common pathogen for meningitis age 1 to 23 months and antimicrobial
S. Pneumonia. H influenza. E. coli. N. meningitidis
Vancomycin and ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
Most common pathogen for meningitis age 2 to 50 and antimicrobial
S. Pneumonia. N. meningitidis
Vancomycin and ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
Most common pathogen for meningitis, 850 and older and antimicrobial
S. Pneumonia. N. meningitidis. aerobic gram-negative bacilli
Vancomycin and ampicillin and third-generation cephalosporin
How many days to treat otitis media based on age?
If less than two years old treat for 10 days, if higher than two years old treat for five days
Otitis media treatment
Amoxicillin 80 mg/kg/day divided BID
Penicillin allergic can use cefuroxime
Went to refer to ENT for tympanostomy
- Otitis media with a effusion for more than three months with bilateral hearing loss
- more than three episodes in six months
- more than four episodes in 12 months
- retracted tympanic membrane
Modified Centor score for pharyngitis
Absence of cough
Accident on tonsils
Fever higher than 38
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Age 5 to 14 is one point
Age 45 and older is -1 point
Treatment for group a strep
Penicillin V 300 mg t.i.d. or 600 mg b.i.d.
Amoxicillin 500 mg b.i.d.
Cephalexin 500 mg QID
Treat for 10 days
Pneumonia treatment if no co-morbidities
Amoxicillin
Doxycycline
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Pneumonia treatment if co-morbidities or in long term care
Amoxicillin
Amoxiclav
Cefuroxime
PLUS
Doxycyline
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Aspiration pneumonia treatment
Amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Abx treatment for acute prostatitis
Fluoroquinolone
TMP-SMX
For 2-4 weeks
Abx for chronic prostatitis
Levofloxacin
Bacterial vaginosis treatment
Metronidazole
Troichmoniasis treatment
Metronidazole
Chlamydia treatment
Doxycycline for 7 days
Azithromycin single dose 1g if pregnant or using
Gonorrhoea treatment
Azithromycin and ceftriaxone
Chancroid treatment
Ciprofloxacin
Tx for scabies
Ivermectin
Permethrin
Tx for pubic lice
Permethrin
Tx for syphilis
Penicillin G
IM x 3 if latent
