Infectious Disease

Question 1

Group B streptococcus
Listeria monocytogenes
Salmonella
E. coli
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 1

Most common bacterial infections in neonates

Question 2

What is the recommended empiric antibiotic coverage for neonates?

Answer 2

Ampicillin and gentamicin

Ampicillin and cefotaxime

Question 3

When should you add acyclovir to empiric coverage in neonates?

Answer 3

Seizures
CSF pleocytosis
Primary maternal HSV infection
Prolonged rupture of membranes
Mucocutaneous lesion
Fetal scalp electrode use

Question 4

Staphylococcus aureus
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
Salmonella

Answer 4

Common bacterial infections in older infants and children

Question 5

What is the common empiric antibiotics for older infants ?

Answer 5

Ampicillin, ceftriaxone, or cefotaxime and vancomycin

Question 6

What is the common empiric antibiotic for toxic appearing infants and children?

Answer 6

Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime and vancomycin

Question 7

What is the most common cause of bacterial infections in febrile infants?

Answer 7

Urinary tract infection

Question 8

What is a fever (>101/38.3) lasting for at least 8 days and up to 3 weeks?

Answer 8

Fever of Unknown Origin

Question 9

In treating infant > 3 months old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin?

Answer 9

Vancomycin and ceftriaxone

Question 10

In treating infant > 3 months old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting pneumonia?

Answer 10

Cefotaxime and ampicillin or clindamycin

Question 11

In treating 3 months to 2 years old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting menginitis?

Answer 11

Vancomycin and ceftriaxone

Question 12

In treating 3 months to 2 years old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting menginitis?

Answer 12

Ampicillin, cefuroxime, or ceftriaxone along with clindamycin or vancomycin

Question 13

In treating 2 to 18 years old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting pneumonia?

Answer 13

Azithromycin with cefuroxime or ceftriaxone; clindamycin or vancomycin

Question 14

In treating 2 to 18 years old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting menginitis?

Answer 14

Ceftriaxone and vancomycin

Question 15

A neonate (28 days old) have symptoms of lethargy, poor feeding, fever, vomiting, and apnea. What is a possible diagnosis?

Answer 15

Meningitis

Question 16

A 2 month of age infant has symptoms of fever, nuchal rigidity, change in mental status, + Kernig sign, and + Brudzinski sign. What is a possible diagnosis?

Answer 16

Meningitis

Question 17

A 1 year old has symptoms of fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, change in level of consciousness, + Kernig sign, + Brudzinski sign, and erythematous rash. What is a possible diagnosis?

Answer 17

Meningitis

Question 18

PEcK

Answer 18

Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella

First-generation Cephalosporin coverage

Question 19

HENPEcKS

Answer 19

H. influenza
Enterobacter aerogenes
N. meningitidis
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella
Serratia marcescens 

Second-generation cephalosporin coverage

Question 20

“SPACE”

Answer 20

Serratia
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Citrobacter
Enterobacter

“Double” antimicrobial coverage needed

Question 21

Cefeazolin
Cephalexin
Cefadroxil
Cephradine

Answer 21

First Generation Cephalosporin

Question 22

Cefaclor
Cefuroxime
Cefprozil
Loracarbef
Cephamycins

Answer 22

Second Generation Cephalosporin

Question 23

Cefdinir
Cefixime
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefpiramide

Answer 23

Third Generation Cephalosporin

Question 24

Cefepime
Cefluprenam
Cefozopran
Cefpirome

Answer 24

Fourth Generation Cephalosporin