Infectious Disease Flashcards
Group B streptococcus Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella E. coli Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae type B Staphylococcus aureus
Most common bacterial infections in neonates
What is the recommended empiric antibiotic coverage for neonates?
Ampicillin and gentamicin
Ampicillin and cefotaxime
When should you add acyclovir to empiric coverage in neonates?
Seizures CSF pleocytosis Primary maternal HSV infection Prolonged rupture of membranes Mucocutaneous lesion Fetal scalp electrode use
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
Salmonella
Common bacterial infections in older infants and children
What is the common empiric antibiotics for older infants ?
Ampicillin, ceftriaxone, or cefotaxime and vancomycin
What is the common empiric antibiotic for toxic appearing infants and children?
Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime and vancomycin
What is the most common cause of bacterial infections in febrile infants?
Urinary tract infection
What is a fever (>101/38.3) lasting for at least 8 days and up to 3 weeks?
Fever of Unknown Origin
In treating infant > 3 months old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin?
Vancomycin and ceftriaxone
In treating infant > 3 months old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting pneumonia?
Cefotaxime and ampicillin or clindamycin
In treating 3 months to 2 years old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting menginitis?
Vancomycin and ceftriaxone
In treating 3 months to 2 years old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting menginitis?
Ampicillin, cefuroxime, or ceftriaxone along with clindamycin or vancomycin
In treating 2 to 18 years old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting pneumonia?
Azithromycin with cefuroxime or ceftriaxone; clindamycin or vancomycin
In treating 2 to 18 years old, what are the antibiotics of choice for fever of unknown origin and suspecting menginitis?
Ceftriaxone and vancomycin
A neonate (28 days old) have symptoms of lethargy, poor feeding, fever, vomiting, and apnea. What is a possible diagnosis?
Meningitis
A 2 month of age infant has symptoms of fever, nuchal rigidity, change in mental status, + Kernig sign, and + Brudzinski sign. What is a possible diagnosis?
Meningitis
A 1 year old has symptoms of fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, change in level of consciousness, + Kernig sign, + Brudzinski sign, and erythematous rash. What is a possible diagnosis?
Meningitis
PEcK
Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella
First-generation Cephalosporin coverage
HENPEcKS
H. influenza Enterobacter aerogenes N. meningitidis Proteus E. coli Klebsiella Serratia marcescens
Second-generation cephalosporin coverage
“SPACE”
Serratia Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Citrobacter Enterobacter
“Double” antimicrobial coverage needed
Cefeazolin
Cephalexin
Cefadroxil
Cephradine
First Generation Cephalosporin
Cefaclor Cefuroxime Cefprozil Loracarbef Cephamycins
Second Generation Cephalosporin
Cefdinir Cefixime Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Cefpiramide
Third Generation Cephalosporin
Cefepime
Cefluprenam
Cefozopran
Cefpirome
Fourth Generation Cephalosporin
