Developmental Review Flashcards
Which part of the pain controls ascending and descending motor function?
Medulla oblongata
Which part of the pain controls breathing?
Pons Varolii
Which part of the brain is the reflex center that controls movement of eyeballs and head?
Midbrain
Which part of the brain interprets stimuli (pain and temperature)?
Thalamus
Which part of the brain controls autonomic functions related to homeostasis?
Hypothalamus
Which part of the brain controls voluntary actions, speech, senses, thought, and memory?
Cerebral cortex
Which part of the brain controls equilibrium and coordination, muscle movement, and tone?
Cerebellum
Which part of the peripheral nervous system coordinates body movements and receives external stimuli?
Somatic nervous system
Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle?
Autonomic nervous system
The increase in catecholamines in acutely and critically ill children cause what fluid and nutrition changes?
Reduces insulin secretion and action in peripherals
Increase in glucagon production causing hyperglycemia, lipid intolerance, and protein catabolism
During periods of inflammation, the liver reacts by____?
Increasing C-reactive protein (CRP) and reducing albumin and prealbumin production
What is the typical vancomycin trough levels?
10-20 mg/kg
What is the typical gentamicin and tobramycin peak levels?
6-12 mg/L
What is the typical gentamicin and tobramycin trough levels?
<1 mg/L
What is the typical steady-state concentration for phenytoin?
10-20 mg/L
What are the diseases included in TORCH syndrome?
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus
What are the complications of toxoplasmosis in birth?
Cognitive impairment, learnign disabilities, and blindness
What are the complications of rubella in birth?
Deafness, blindness, cardiac anomalies, and limb deformities
What are the complications of cytomegalovirus in birth?
Symptoms present at birth or may appear more than 2 years after birth and including hearing loss, cognitive impairment, learning disabilities
What are the complications of herpes simplex virus in birth?
CNS involvement, skin, eye, and mouth involvement, liver disease
What is the nutritional needs (calorie goal) for newborns?
100-110 kcal/kg/day
Newborns typically grow how many ounces a day?
0.5-1 oz/day
In the first three months, how much do infants grow per day?
0.5-1 oz/day
In the first three months, how much do infants grow in length?
1 inch per month
In the first three months, how much do infants head grow?
2 cm per month
In months 2-6 of infancy, how much do infants grow per week?
5-7 oz per week
After 3 months of age, how much do infants head grow?
1 cm per month
When does the posterior fontanel typically close?
1-3 months of age
How much do infants weight increase from months 9 to 12?
3-4 oz per week
How much do infants head grow from months 9 to 12?
1/2 inch per month
How much do toddlers weight (1 year to 2 1/2 years old) grow per year?
4-6 pounds per year
How much do toddlers (1 year to 2 1/2 years) height increase per year?
3 inches per year
When does the anterior fontanel close?
9 to 18 months
How many teeth are in the toddler’s mouth by 2 years?
20 teeth
When do the first molars first appear?
10-16 months
When do the first cuspids (canines) appear?
16-20 months
When do the second molars appears?
20-30 months
When does “in-toeing” typically resolve?
16-18 months
What age does landau reflex disappear?
15 months to 2 years
What age does the neck righting disappear?
2 years
What age does the parachute reflex appear?
6-8 months
What is the half-life of albumin?
20 days
What is the half-life of prealbumin?
2-3 days
What is the half-life of transferrin?
7-10 days
What is the half-life of CRP?
8-12 hours
What is the recommended initial rate for critically ill, malnourished pediatric patient?
0.5-1 ml/kg/hour
