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Acute Care PNP Exam > Developmental Review > Flashcards

Developmental Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the pain controls ascending and descending motor function?

A

Medulla oblongata

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2
Q

Which part of the pain controls breathing?

A

Pons Varolii

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3
Q

Which part of the brain is the reflex center that controls movement of eyeballs and head?

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

Which part of the brain interprets stimuli (pain and temperature)?

A

Thalamus

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5
Q

Which part of the brain controls autonomic functions related to homeostasis?

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Which part of the brain controls voluntary actions, speech, senses, thought, and memory?

A

Cerebral cortex

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7
Q

Which part of the brain controls equilibrium and coordination, muscle movement, and tone?

A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

Which part of the peripheral nervous system coordinates body movements and receives external stimuli?

A

Somatic nervous system

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9
Q

Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

The increase in catecholamines in acutely and critically ill children cause what fluid and nutrition changes?

A

Reduces insulin secretion and action in peripherals

Increase in glucagon production causing hyperglycemia, lipid intolerance, and protein catabolism

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11
Q

During periods of inflammation, the liver reacts by____?

A

Increasing C-reactive protein (CRP) and reducing albumin and prealbumin production

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12
Q

What is the typical vancomycin trough levels?

A

10-20 mg/kg

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13
Q

What is the typical gentamicin and tobramycin peak levels?

A

6-12 mg/L

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14
Q

What is the typical gentamicin and tobramycin trough levels?

A

<1 mg/L

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15
Q

What is the typical steady-state concentration for phenytoin?

A

10-20 mg/L

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16
Q

What are the diseases included in TORCH syndrome?

A

Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus

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17
Q

What are the complications of toxoplasmosis in birth?

A

Cognitive impairment, learnign disabilities, and blindness

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18
Q

What are the complications of rubella in birth?

A

Deafness, blindness, cardiac anomalies, and limb deformities

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19
Q

What are the complications of cytomegalovirus in birth?

A

Symptoms present at birth or may appear more than 2 years after birth and including hearing loss, cognitive impairment, learning disabilities

20
Q

What are the complications of herpes simplex virus in birth?

A

CNS involvement, skin, eye, and mouth involvement, liver disease

21
Q

What is the nutritional needs (calorie goal) for newborns?

A

100-110 kcal/kg/day

22
Q

Newborns typically grow how many ounces a day?

A

0.5-1 oz/day

23
Q

In the first three months, how much do infants grow per day?

A

0.5-1 oz/day

24
Q

In the first three months, how much do infants grow in length?

A

1 inch per month

25
Q

In the first three months, how much do infants head grow?

A

2 cm per month

26
Q

In months 2-6 of infancy, how much do infants grow per week?

A

5-7 oz per week

27
Q

After 3 months of age, how much do infants head grow?

A

1 cm per month

28
Q

When does the posterior fontanel typically close?

A

1-3 months of age

29
Q

How much do infants weight increase from months 9 to 12?

A

3-4 oz per week

30
Q

How much do infants head grow from months 9 to 12?

A

1/2 inch per month

31
Q

How much do toddlers weight (1 year to 2 1/2 years old) grow per year?

A

4-6 pounds per year

32
Q

How much do toddlers (1 year to 2 1/2 years) height increase per year?

A

3 inches per year

33
Q

When does the anterior fontanel close?

A

9 to 18 months

34
Q

How many teeth are in the toddler’s mouth by 2 years?

A

20 teeth

35
Q

When do the first molars first appear?

A

10-16 months

36
Q

When do the first cuspids (canines) appear?

A

16-20 months

37
Q

When do the second molars appears?

A

20-30 months

38
Q

When does “in-toeing” typically resolve?

A

16-18 months

39
Q

What age does landau reflex disappear?

A

15 months to 2 years

40
Q

What age does the neck righting disappear?

A

2 years

41
Q

What age does the parachute reflex appear?

A

6-8 months

42
Q

What is the half-life of albumin?

A

20 days

43
Q

What is the half-life of prealbumin?

A

2-3 days

44
Q

What is the half-life of transferrin?

A

7-10 days

45
Q

What is the half-life of CRP?

A

8-12 hours

46
Q

What is the recommended initial rate for critically ill, malnourished pediatric patient?

A

0.5-1 ml/kg/hour

Acute Care PNP Exam (4 decks)

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