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Year 4 Paeds Conditions > infectious disease 1 > Flashcards

infectious disease 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a herd community

A

the immunity of a group or community

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2
Q

what are the different types of vaccines used nowadays?

A

4

live-attenuated vaccines

inactivated vaccines

subunit vaccines

immunoglobulins

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3
Q

what is a live attenuated vaccines

A

live virus particles with v. low virulence

pros - good immunogens, long lived immunity

cons - biochemical/genetic instability, C/I in immunosuppressed

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4
Q

what are some examples of live-attenutated vaccines

A 
MMR 
oral polio 
BCG
yellow fever
oral typhoid
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5
Q

what is an inactiated vaccines

A

virus grown and killed or inactivated toxic compound used - components sufficient to produce response

pros - minial infectino risk

cons- less effect than live, need boosters

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6
Q

examples of an inactivated vaccines

A

pertussis
parenteral polio
diphtheria
tetanus

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7
Q

what is a subunit vaccines

A

presents antigens without introducing whole viral protein

pros - sage, less antigenic competition, target vaccines to site where required

cons - require strong adjuvants - tissue reactions, shorter duration of immunity

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8
Q

examples of subunit vaccines

A

Men C
influenza
pneumococcus
Hep A&B

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9
Q

what is an immunoglobulin vaccines

A

human normal Ig (HNIg) - passive immunity

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10
Q

who is immunoglobulin vaccine for?

A

immunocompressed children

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11
Q

what are some examples of immunoglobulins vaccine?

A

Hep B
chicken pox
rabies
tetanus

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12
Q

what is in the 6 in 1 vaccination?

A

DTaP/IPV/HiB/HEB

diphtheria 
tetanus 
pertusis 
polio 
HiB
HEP-B
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13
Q

what is included in the 2 months old vaccination?

A

6 in 1
Pneumonoccal
Men B
Rotavirus

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14
Q

what is included in the 3 months old vaccination?

A

6 in 1
Men C
Rotavirus

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15
Q

what is included in the 4 months old vaccination?

A

6 in 1
Men B
Pneumococcal

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16
Q

what is included in the 12 months old vaccination?

A

Hib
Men B Men C
Pneumococcal
MMR

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17
Q

what is included in the pre-school vaccination?

A

influenza

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18
Q

what is included in the 3 year and 4 months vaccination?

A

DTaP/IPV

MMR

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19
Q

what is included in the 12-13 yrs girlvaccination?

A

HPV vaccine

20
Q

what is included in the 14yrs old boys vaccination?

A

DTa/IPV
tetanus
diphtheria
polio

Men ACWY

21
Q

what are other vaccines available ?

A

BCG - only if done in high risk areas > 40 in 100,000

HEP B - will also be given at birth to high risk group

RSV - due winters months to high risk children (long term ventilation, chronic lung disease)

Yellow fever - for those travel to high risk area eg middle-east

22
Q

who should you not give the yellow fever vaccines to?

A

people who are allergic to egg

23
Q

what are some of the local side effect to vaccinations?

A
  • pain, swelling or redness at the site of injection- usually mild and self-limiting
  • occurence or severity of local reactions does not C/I further doses of immunisation
24
Q

what are some of the systemic side effect to vaccinations?

A 
fever
malaise
myalgia
irritability 
headache and loss of appetite

anaphylaxis - rare

25
Q

when will you delay immunisation?

A

when child acutely unwell
(no minor viral illness - without fever or systemic upset)

evolving neuro condition

immunoglobulin been given recently

26
Q

what would you give immunisation in a patient with HIV

A

depends upon degree of immunosuppression

give - MMR, oral polio (inactivated form), DTaP, Hiv, Hep-B, typhoid (IM), cholera

27
Q

what vaccine would you not give immunisation to a patient with HIV

A

BCG
yellow fever
oral typhoid

28
Q

what pathogen causes diphtheria

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

29
Q

what clinical feature does diphtheria has?

A

infection of the throat

pharyngeal exudate

upper airway obstruction

exotoxin - cause myocarditis and neuritis with paralysis

30
Q

what type of vaccine is given to those with diphtheria

A

inactivated toxin

31
Q

what pathogen causes tetanus

A

anaerobic Clostridium tetani (found in soil) and enters body thorugh open wound

32
Q

What is the clinical features of tetanus

A

progressive painful muscle spasms which are caused by neurotoxin produced by organism

leads to involvment of respiratory muscles –> asphyxia and death

33
Q

what type of vaccine is given to prevent tetanus

A

inactivated toxin

if dirty wound is incurred > 10 years after last dose of tetanus then booster needed

34
Q

what pathogens cause whopping cough

A

bacterium bordetella - cause pertussis

35
Q

clinical features of whopping cough

A

upper resp illness lasts 6-8 wks also have been called the 100 days cough

paroxysms of coughing, then whoop (sudden massive inspiratory effort against narrowed glottis)

vomiting
dyspnoea
seizures

36
Q

what are the complications of whooping cough

A

bronchopneumonia

convulsions

apnoea

bronchiectasiss

37
Q

what is the treatment of pertussis

A

erythromycin given early, but when the whooping starts, ABx the ineffective

38
Q

what type of vaccine is given to those with whopping cough

A

inactivated toxin

39
Q

what pathogen cause polio

A

poliovirus

40
Q

clinical features of polio

A

paralysis
pain
tenderness
may results in - resp failure

residual paralysis common in survivors

41
Q

what type of vaccine is give to prevent polio

A

inactivated toxin

42
Q

what can HiB cause in children

A

meningitis of young children

43
Q

what type of vaccine is given to prevent HiB

A

inactivated toxin

44
Q

what type of Men C vaccine is it?

A

sub unit but attached to the tetanus virus vaccine as a carrier

45
Q

what type of pneumococcal infection vaccine is it

A

sub unit

46
Q

what type of MMR vaccine is it?

A

live attenuated vaccine

47
Q

what sort of vaccines is BCG?

A

Live

Year 4 Paeds Conditions (10 decks)

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