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GI > Infectious Diarrhea > Flashcards

Infectious Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

Causative organisms of salmonellosis?

A

Salmonella bongori, salmonella enterica

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2
Q

Reservoirs of salmonellosis?

A

poultry (MC)

pet reptiles- turtles

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3
Q

Salmonellosis is associated with?

A

reactive arthritis - can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree

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4
Q

Causative organisms of Shigellosis?

A

Shigella dysenteriae (most aggressive)
Shigella sonnei- developed nations, milder disease
Shigella flexneri- less developed nation

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5
Q

Reservoirs of Shigellosis?

A

rapidly spreads in close quarters- military example
contaminated H20
food
produce grown where sewage used as fertilizer

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6
Q

Causative organisms of Campylobacter species?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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7
Q

Reservoirs of Campylobacter species?

A

poultry (MC)- raw/uncooked animals and livestock
raw milk
chicken pate
domestic dogs and cats

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8
Q

Complications of Campylobacter species?

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome (ascending paralysis)

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9
Q

Reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (EHEC)?

A

Cattle cows (MC)

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10
Q

Enterohemorrhagic e.coli (EHEC) is capable of producing what?

A

Shiga toxin-producing e. coli (STEC)

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11
Q

Reservoirs of Yersinosis?

A

Pigs

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12
Q

Infants and children w/ Yersinosis may progress to?

A

Necrotizing eterocolitis

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13
Q

Clinical manifestations of Yersiniosis?

A

mesenteric lymphadenitis-RLQ pain

Mimics appendicitis

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14
Q

Causative organisms pseuromembranous colitis?

A

clostridium difficile (c.diff)

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15
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis is usually associated with what antibiotics?

A

Clindamycin (MC)
Ampicillin
Cephalosporins (2nd and 3rd generation)
Fluoroquinolones

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16
Q

A severe case of Pseudomembranous colitis can result in?

A

Toxic megacolon
greenish, foul-smelling watery diarrhea
profuse diarrhea >30 x a day

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17
Q

What stool study is used for Pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test (PCR assay) for TcdB toxin-higher sensitivity

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18
Q

Lab findings for Pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Leukocytosis >30,000

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19
Q

Tx for Pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Metronidazole - 1st line for mild-moderate disease (caution w/ etoh intake)
Vancomycin (PO only NOT IV) - >2 occurrences, good for leukocytosis
Fecal transplant - if everything else false

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20
Q

Causative organisms of Amebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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21
Q

Transmission of Amebiasis?

A

Anal-oral or fecal-oral

22
Q

Geographic distribution of Amebiasis?

A

worldwide, more common in tropics and developing nation

23
Q

Morphology of Amebiasis?

A

Tropozoite - motile, bulls-eye shape nucleus w/ RBC in the cytoplasm
RUQ pain

24
Q

Tx for Amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole (1st line-definitely for liver abscesses)

25
Q

Is norovirus contagious?

A

Extremely contagious; causes 1/5 of all cases of viral gastroenteritis worldwide.
- no blood in stool

26
Q

MC outbreak location of norovirus?

A

Cruise ships

27
Q

Rotavirus is the MCC of what?

A

pediatric diarrhea (age: 6-24 mos)

28
Q

Transmission of staphylococcal food poisoning?

A 
fecal-oral transmission
mayonnaise (big one)
meats
dairy
bakery products
29
Q

Transmission of Enterotoxigenic e.coli (ETEC)?

A

AKA: travelers diarrhea
Fecal-oral route
contaminated foods, drinking water, or ice

30
Q

Tx for Enterotoxigenic e.coli (ETEC)?

A

supportive (most important)
Azithromycin-given prior to travel esp. to Southeast Asia
Pepto-bismol

31
Q

Causes of Bacillus cereus?

A

fried rice

32
Q

A subtype of clostridium perfringens can lead to what?

A

Jejunal hemorrhagic necrosis- uncommon in US

33
Q

Causative organisms of cholera?

A

AKA: blue death

vibrio cholerae

34
Q

Clinical manifestation of cholera?

A

voluminous “gray/white” fluid diarrhea w/ flecks of mucus

rice water diarrhea

35
Q

Causative organisms of vibriosis?

A

vibrio parahaemolyticus: mud bugs

vibrio vulnificus

36
Q

Vibrio bacteria are commonly found in?

A

marine, brackish waters, swamps—-> shellfish (MC crayfish)

37
Q

List the 2 manifestations of vibriosis?

A

GI disease and soft tissue infection

38
Q

Clinical manifestations of GI disease caused by Vibriosis?

A

vibrio parahaemolyticus MC

watery diarrhea- shortly after eating raw shellfish

39
Q

Clinical manifestations of soft tissue infection caused by Vibriosis?

A

vibrio vulnificus MC - very bad
recent swimming in marine or brackish waters
cellulitis-may spread rapidly

40
Q

The highest risk after consumption of infected shellfish?

A

Septicemia

41
Q

The causative organism of Giardiasis?

A

Giardia lamblia

42
Q

Transmission of Giardiasis?

A

fecal-oral

hikers drinking pond water (beaver pee)

43
Q

Giardiasis is the MC what?

A

Intestinal parasite disease in the US

44
Q

Clinical manifestation of Giardiasis?

A

foul-smelling, greasy diarrhea, abdominal gassy distention

45
Q

Tx for Giardiasis?

A

Metronidazole (1st line)

46
Q

What is tenesmus?

A

continued inclination or feeling the need to evacuate the bowels

47
Q

Another name of clostridium perfringens?

A

Gas gangrene

48
Q

Severe complications of shigellosis?

A

Shiga toxin

49
Q

Does EHEC have fevers or no?

A

No fevers!

50
Q

Causative organisms of Yersiniosis?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

GI (16 decks)

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