Infectious Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

Causative organisms of salmonellosis?

A

Salmonella bongori, salmonella enterica

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2
Q

Reservoirs of salmonellosis?

A

poultry (MC)

pet reptiles- turtles

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3
Q

Salmonellosis is associated with?

A

reactive arthritis - can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree

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4
Q

Causative organisms of Shigellosis?

A

Shigella dysenteriae (most aggressive)
Shigella sonnei- developed nations, milder disease
Shigella flexneri- less developed nation

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5
Q

Reservoirs of Shigellosis?

A

rapidly spreads in close quarters- military example
contaminated H20
food
produce grown where sewage used as fertilizer

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6
Q

Causative organisms of Campylobacter species?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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7
Q

Reservoirs of Campylobacter species?

A

poultry (MC)- raw/uncooked animals and livestock
raw milk
chicken pate
domestic dogs and cats

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8
Q

Complications of Campylobacter species?

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome (ascending paralysis)

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9
Q

Reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (EHEC)?

A

Cattle cows (MC)

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10
Q

Enterohemorrhagic e.coli (EHEC) is capable of producing what?

A

Shiga toxin-producing e. coli (STEC)

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11
Q

Reservoirs of Yersinosis?

A

Pigs

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12
Q

Infants and children w/ Yersinosis may progress to?

A

Necrotizing eterocolitis

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13
Q

Clinical manifestations of Yersiniosis?

A

mesenteric lymphadenitis-RLQ pain

Mimics appendicitis

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14
Q

Causative organisms pseuromembranous colitis?

A

clostridium difficile (c.diff)

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15
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis is usually associated with what antibiotics?

A

Clindamycin (MC)
Ampicillin
Cephalosporins (2nd and 3rd generation)
Fluoroquinolones

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16
Q

A severe case of Pseudomembranous colitis can result in?

A

Toxic megacolon
greenish, foul-smelling watery diarrhea
profuse diarrhea >30 x a day

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17
Q

What stool study is used for Pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test (PCR assay) for TcdB toxin-higher sensitivity

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18
Q

Lab findings for Pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Leukocytosis >30,000

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19
Q

Tx for Pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Metronidazole - 1st line for mild-moderate disease (caution w/ etoh intake)
Vancomycin (PO only NOT IV) - >2 occurrences, good for leukocytosis
Fecal transplant - if everything else false

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20
Q

Causative organisms of Amebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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21
Q

Transmission of Amebiasis?

A

Anal-oral or fecal-oral

22
Q

Geographic distribution of Amebiasis?

A

worldwide, more common in tropics and developing nation

23
Q

Morphology of Amebiasis?

A

Tropozoite - motile, bulls-eye shape nucleus w/ RBC in the cytoplasm
RUQ pain

24
Q

Tx for Amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole (1st line-definitely for liver abscesses)

25
Is norovirus contagious?
Extremely contagious; causes 1/5 of all cases of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. - no blood in stool
26
MC outbreak location of norovirus?
Cruise ships
27
Rotavirus is the MCC of what?
pediatric diarrhea (age: 6-24 mos)
28
Transmission of staphylococcal food poisoning?
``` fecal-oral transmission mayonnaise (big one) meats dairy bakery products ```
29
Transmission of Enterotoxigenic e.coli (ETEC)?
AKA: travelers diarrhea Fecal-oral route contaminated foods, drinking water, or ice
30
Tx for Enterotoxigenic e.coli (ETEC)?
supportive (most important) Azithromycin-given prior to travel esp. to Southeast Asia Pepto-bismol
31
Causes of Bacillus cereus?
fried rice
32
A subtype of clostridium perfringens can lead to what?
Jejunal hemorrhagic necrosis- uncommon in US
33
Causative organisms of cholera?
AKA: blue death | vibrio cholerae
34
Clinical manifestation of cholera?
voluminous "gray/white" fluid diarrhea w/ flecks of mucus | rice water diarrhea
35
Causative organisms of vibriosis?
vibrio parahaemolyticus: mud bugs | vibrio vulnificus
36
Vibrio bacteria are commonly found in?
marine, brackish waters, swamps----> shellfish (MC crayfish)
37
List the 2 manifestations of vibriosis?
GI disease and soft tissue infection
38
Clinical manifestations of GI disease caused by Vibriosis?
vibrio parahaemolyticus MC | watery diarrhea- shortly after eating raw shellfish
39
Clinical manifestations of soft tissue infection caused by Vibriosis?
vibrio vulnificus MC - very bad recent swimming in marine or brackish waters cellulitis-may spread rapidly
40
The highest risk after consumption of infected shellfish?
Septicemia
41
The causative organism of Giardiasis?
Giardia lamblia
42
Transmission of Giardiasis?
fecal-oral | hikers drinking pond water (beaver pee)
43
Giardiasis is the MC what?
Intestinal parasite disease in the US
44
Clinical manifestation of Giardiasis?
foul-smelling, greasy diarrhea, abdominal gassy distention
45
Tx for Giardiasis?
Metronidazole (1st line)
46
What is tenesmus?
continued inclination or feeling the need to evacuate the bowels
47
Another name of clostridium perfringens?
Gas gangrene
48
Severe complications of shigellosis?
Shiga toxin
49
Does EHEC have fevers or no?
No fevers!
50
Causative organisms of Yersiniosis?
Yersinia enterocolitica