Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My DEMS I > Infectious Diarrhea > Flashcards

Infectious Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

Two leading causes of death worldwide

A

pneumonia

diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the leading cause of morbidity and death in diarrhea? Mainstay of therapy?

A

dehydration

rehydration is mainstay of therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

infectious gastroenteritis in US

A

viral 30-40%
bac/parasitic 20-30%
unknown 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of diarrhea

A

Non-inflammatory (watery)
small bowel

Inflammatory (increased T, fecal WBC, RBC)
colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of diarrhea

A

3+ watery stools in over 24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

non-inflammatory diarrhea site and pathogens

A

Site: Upper small bowel Pathogens: Norwalk, Rotavirus, Giardia, Cholera**, ETEC (traveler’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

inflammatory diarrhea site and pathogens

A

Site: Colon
Pathogens: **C. jejuni (number 1 in kids and adults), Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7 (bloody diarrhea), C. difficile (esp w/ abx), E. histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pathogens producing watery diarrhea

A 
Vibrio cholerae
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Rotavirus
Norwalk virus
Giardia lamblia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cholera histology

A

cholera binds to epithelial cells but doesn’t cause any overt pathology on histology (looks normal)

(leads to chloride secretion, water follows)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does cholera diarrhea look like?

A

rice water stool (secreting lots of mucin)

  • no blood
  • up to 24L/d
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Signs of dehydration

A 
decreased pulse volume
 low BP
 poor skin turgor
 sunken eyes
 decreased urine
 decreased MS
 metabolic acidosis --(losing bicarb)
 hypoglycemia
 hypokalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Predominant cause of nosocomial diarrhea

A

C. diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cause of traveler’s diarrhea

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rotavirus

A 
Leading cause of:
Prolonged diarrhea
Dehydration from diarrhea
Hospitalization from diarrhea
Death from diarrhea (U.S. and world)

Poorest countries =82% of deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effectiveness of oral vaccines for rotavirus

A

> 90% in US against severe diarrhea (esp hosp/death)

in developing countries 17-65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who gets affected by Norovirus, rotavirus

A

norovirus: older kids, adults
rotavirus: infants, young children

17
Q

Transmission norovirus and rotavirus

A

norovirus: fecal-oral, contaminated shellfish and water
rotavirus: fecal-oral

18
Q

incubation period norovirus and rotavirus

A

norovirus 1-2 d

rotavirus 1-3 d

19
Q

incuabation period and Duration of illness norovirus, rotavirus

A

incubation period

norovirus: 1-2d
rotavirus: 1-3 d

duration of illness

norovirus: 1-2 d (comes on fast, goes away fast)
rotavirus: 5-8 d

20
Q

epidemiology norovirus, rotavirus

A

norovirus: family and community epidemics, often winter
rotavirus: sporadic cases, usually winter, occ epidemic

21
Q

Giardia

A

diarrhea, bloating, gas, fatty/malodorous stools, flatulence, vomiting, fever, fatigue, cramps, weight loss

22
Q

Pathogens for Inflammatory diarrhea

A

most common in kids and adults: **campylobacter jejuni

Others:
Salmonella sp.
Shigella sp.
E. coli 0157:H7
E. histolytica
23
Q

E. coli 0157:H7

A

Causes vast majority of hemorrhagic colitis (and HUS) in U.S.
Illness lasts 2-4 days (

24
Q

Therapy of E. coli 0157:H7

A

Prevention (food, cooking)

?IV Ig

25
Q

Nosocomial diarrhea

A 
C. diff (virtually only coause)
-commonly associated w/ abx use
-gram positive rod
-can cause pseudomembranous colitis (may have to remove colon)
-Toxin A/Toxin B (epidemic strain B1)
Therapy: antibiotics
Recurrence: 15-26% (bug can persist)
Other option: fecal transplant, pills of fecal mibrobiata

Sx: mild diarrhea, watery or bloody, or may have fever, leukocytosis with severe colitis

26
Q

Enteric Fever sites and pathogens

A

site:Nodes; Blood;Gallbladder Pathogens: Salmonella typhi,S. paratyphi, ± Yersinia

Salmonella: gram negative rod
risks: fecal contamination
food/water
contact w/ carrier

27
Q

College student goes to Mexico for summer vacation, acute, non-inflammatory diarrhea (watery stool, no blood, no fever)

A

EHEC

28
Q

Embassy official travels to Peru; enjoys ceviche at a state dinner; does not enjoy acute abd. pain, profuse watery diarrhea (20/day) which develops 2 days later; No fever, blood. Several others ill.

A

vibrio cholerae

29
Q

American trekker in Nepal develops acute abd. pain, bloating, gas, foul-smelling diarrhea. No blood, fever. Does not respond to quinolones; loses 10 lbs.

A

Giardia

30
Q

Embassy official, well-recovered, arrives in Seattle, kisses ground, and, craving real American food, takes family to Jack-in-the Box. Four days later, develops abd. pain, grossly bloody diarrhea. No fever.

A

E. coli 0157:H7

31
Q

Physician traveler, anxious about travelers’ diarrhea, takes amoxacillin-clavulanate while on CME boondoggle in Tahiti. Develops acute watery diarrhea, mild fever, guaiac positive.

A

C. diff

My DEMS I (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions