infectious diarrhea Flashcards
normal stool volume
3-7 BM/day
< 1 liter stool/day
acute infectious diarrhea
20-30 BM/day
up to 20 liters stool per day
what does diarrhea reflect?
increased water in the stool
- increased intestinal secretion of water or
- decreased intestinal reabsorption of water
acute diarrhea
< 14 days
persistent diarrhea
14-30 days
chronic diarrhea
> 30 days
pseudodiarrhea
increased frequency of bowel movements
fecal incontinence
can’t hold it in, involuntary
overflow incontinence
people who are constipated, fecal impaction and liquid stool leaks out thats backed up behind impaction
chronic diarrhea causes
watery: no form
fatty: greasy, floating
inflammatory: bloody, pus
when does secretory diarrhea usually occur?
at night
what is osmotic diarrhea usually related to?
over eating
who tends to have fatty diarrhea?
those with celiac disease or Giardiasis
who tends to have inflammatory diarrhea
ulcerative colitis, cystic fibrosis
causes of acute diarrhea
- viral infections
- more severe diarrhea more likely bacterial
- protozoa least common
C. perfringens
enterotoxin produced by bacteria in small intestine
-acute gastroenteritis symptoms
C. botulinum
paralytic neurotoxin formed by bacteria present in anaerobic environment
-weakness diplopia, progresses to paralysis
botulism
C. tetani
excitatory neurotoxin formed by bacteria presents in wounds
“lockjaw”
C. difficile
toxin mediated colitis caused by overgrowth of C. difficile in colon
-pseudomembranous colitis
staph A likely food source
salads, dairy
B. cereus likely food sounce
rice, meat
Norwalk likely food source
shellfish, salads, sandwiches, fruit
non-typhoidal salmonella likely food source
eggs, poultry, meat, unpasterized milk, juice
shiga toxin producing E. coli likely food source
ground beef, unpasterized milk, juice, raw vegetables,
water, spinach
