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MA: Chapter 31 - Asepsis > Infectious Components > Flashcards

Infectious Components Flashcards

1
Q

define NORMAL FLORA

A

cohabitation of pathogenic & nonpathogenic microorganisms to give immunity

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2
Q

list requirements for microorganisms to grow

A

oxygen, pH, temperature, nutrients, water, inhabitable host

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3
Q

what pH encourages microbial growth

A

> 6

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4
Q

what pH reduces microbial growth

A

< 6

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5
Q

benefit of having pH of 6

A

protects from invasion

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6
Q

list the 6 steps of the chain of infefction

A
  1. infectious agent
  2. reservoir
  3. portal of exit
  4. modes of transmission
  5. portals of entry
  6. susceptible host
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7
Q

describe the infectious agent stage

A

pathogen finds reservoir

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8
Q

give an example of infectious agent

A

bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, rickettsiae

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9
Q

how do you break the infectious agent stage

A

disinfect, sterilize, sanitize

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10
Q

list examples of portals of exit

A
  • body secretions
  • excretions
  • respiratory droplets
  • blood/body fluids
  • direct/indirect contact
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11
Q

define modes of transmission stage

A

how microorganism goes from portal of exit to new host

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12
Q

how do you break the modes of transmission stage?

A

wear PPE, asepsis, dispose contaminated objects

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13
Q

give examples of portals of entry

A
  • ENT
  • eyes
  • intestine
  • reproductive tract
  • open wounds
  • skin breaks
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14
Q

how do you break the portal of entry stage

A

sterile technique, dispose sharps, cover wounds

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15
Q

list the steps of the infectious disease process

A
  1. incubation
  2. prodromal
  3. acute
  4. declining
  5. convalescent
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16
Q

describe the incubation stage of the infectious disease process

A

silent stage; ends when 1st s/s appears

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17
Q

describe the prodromal stage of the infectious disease process

A

1st onset of s/s & lasts 1-2 days

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18
Q

describe the acute stage of the infectious disease process

A

highest pnt of disease development & able to distinguish disease

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19
Q

describe the declining stage of the infectious disease process

A

sx subsides but still infected & health begins return to normal

20
Q

describe the convalescent stage of the infectious disease process

A

sx gone & pathogen mostly gone, pt regains strength & returns to OG health

21
Q

list methods of direct contact

A
  • contact w/infected person
  • bodily fluids
  • infected air
  • fomite
22
Q

describe BACTERIA

A

vary in morphology; doesn’t always = disease; single-celled w/no nucleus & organelles; organized by shape

23
Q

how does bacteria cause disease

A

in wrong body part/bloodstream/overpopulation –> feed off nutrients & release toxins to cause disease

24
Q

describe VIRUSES

A

smallest microorganism & only reproduces using host’s cells

25
Q

list examples of viruses

A

HIV/AIDS, herpes, chicken pox, hepatitis, common cold

26
Q

describe FUNGI

A

simple parasitic plants that are multi-cellular or single-cellular

27
Q

how many fungi are in the human body & how many of them are pathogenic?

A

100 in body but only 10 pathogenic

28
Q

list examples of fungi

A
  • histoplasmosis
  • candida albicans
  • tinea pedis
29
Q

what is multicellular fungi

A

mold

30
Q

what is single-cellular fungi

A

yeast

31
Q

what are the 3 types of parasites

A

protozoa, helminths, & ectoparasites

32
Q

define PROTOZOA

A

single cell parasite w/nucleus & flagells

33
Q

what conditions can be caused by protozoa

A

malaria, toxoplasmosis, trichomonas vaginalis

34
Q

sx from protozoa

A

diarrhea, bowel infection, encephalitis

35
Q

define HELMINTHS

A

multicellular parasite

36
Q

list examples of helminths

A

pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms

37
Q

sx of helminths

A

diarrhea, itch, rash, malaise, & abdominal cramps

38
Q

define ECTOPARASITES

A

multicellular parasites that live on skin of host

39
Q

list diseases caused by ectoparasites

A

scabies, lice, fleas, mites, & ticks

40
Q

sx of ectoparsites

A

intense itching + red, dry, scaly, irritated skin

41
Q

aka: rickettsiae

A

obligate parasites

42
Q

describe RICKETTSIAE

A

larger than virus & completely dependent on host, gen transmitted by ectoparasites from blood-feeing/feces on skin

43
Q

what diseases are caused by rickettsiae

A

lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, typhus

44
Q

sx of rickettsiae

A

fever, severe headache, characteristic rash, malaise

45
Q

what is the best way to promote immune defense

A

exercise

MA: Chapter 31 - Asepsis (5 decks)

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