Infectious Components Flashcards
define NORMAL FLORA
cohabitation of pathogenic & nonpathogenic microorganisms to give immunity
list requirements for microorganisms to grow
oxygen, pH, temperature, nutrients, water, inhabitable host
what pH encourages microbial growth
> 6
what pH reduces microbial growth
< 6
benefit of having pH of 6
protects from invasion
list the 6 steps of the chain of infefction
- infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- modes of transmission
- portals of entry
- susceptible host
describe the infectious agent stage
pathogen finds reservoir
give an example of infectious agent
bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, rickettsiae
how do you break the infectious agent stage
disinfect, sterilize, sanitize
list examples of portals of exit
- body secretions
- excretions
- respiratory droplets
- blood/body fluids
- direct/indirect contact
define modes of transmission stage
how microorganism goes from portal of exit to new host
how do you break the modes of transmission stage?
wear PPE, asepsis, dispose contaminated objects
give examples of portals of entry
- ENT
- eyes
- intestine
- reproductive tract
- open wounds
- skin breaks
how do you break the portal of entry stage
sterile technique, dispose sharps, cover wounds
list the steps of the infectious disease process
- incubation
- prodromal
- acute
- declining
- convalescent
describe the incubation stage of the infectious disease process
silent stage; ends when 1st s/s appears
describe the prodromal stage of the infectious disease process
1st onset of s/s & lasts 1-2 days
describe the acute stage of the infectious disease process
highest pnt of disease development & able to distinguish disease
describe the declining stage of the infectious disease process
sx subsides but still infected & health begins return to normal
describe the convalescent stage of the infectious disease process
sx gone & pathogen mostly gone, pt regains strength & returns to OG health
list methods of direct contact
- contact w/infected person
- bodily fluids
- infected air
- fomite
describe BACTERIA
vary in morphology; doesn’t always = disease; single-celled w/no nucleus & organelles; organized by shape
how does bacteria cause disease
in wrong body part/bloodstream/overpopulation –> feed off nutrients & release toxins to cause disease
describe VIRUSES
smallest microorganism & only reproduces using host’s cells
list examples of viruses
HIV/AIDS, herpes, chicken pox, hepatitis, common cold
describe FUNGI
simple parasitic plants that are multi-cellular or single-cellular
how many fungi are in the human body & how many of them are pathogenic?
100 in body but only 10 pathogenic
list examples of fungi
- histoplasmosis
- candida albicans
- tinea pedis
what is multicellular fungi
mold
what is single-cellular fungi
yeast
what are the 3 types of parasites
protozoa, helminths, & ectoparasites
define PROTOZOA
single cell parasite w/nucleus & flagells
what conditions can be caused by protozoa
malaria, toxoplasmosis, trichomonas vaginalis
sx from protozoa
diarrhea, bowel infection, encephalitis
define HELMINTHS
multicellular parasite
list examples of helminths
pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms
sx of helminths
diarrhea, itch, rash, malaise, & abdominal cramps
define ECTOPARASITES
multicellular parasites that live on skin of host
list diseases caused by ectoparasites
scabies, lice, fleas, mites, & ticks
sx of ectoparsites
intense itching + red, dry, scaly, irritated skin
aka: rickettsiae
obligate parasites
describe RICKETTSIAE
larger than virus & completely dependent on host, gen transmitted by ectoparasites from blood-feeing/feces on skin
what diseases are caused by rickettsiae
lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, typhus
sx of rickettsiae
fever, severe headache, characteristic rash, malaise
what is the best way to promote immune defense
exercise
