Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Flashcards
What causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis? What are 3 subtypes?
bovine herpesvirus-1
- BHV-1.1 = respiratory
- BHV-1.2 = respiratory and genital (infectious pustular vulvovaginitis)
- BHV-5 = neurologic
What is the most common modes of transportation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis? What are 3 other possibilities?
airborne or direct contact
- breeding
- in utero
- during birth if passing through infected vagina
How do cattle remain as carriers of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
latent infection maintained in ganglia –> activated by stress
What are the 6 main forms of disease associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
- respiratory
- abortion
- ocular
- infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
- generalized neonatal infection
- encephalitis
What is a classical lesion associated with respiratory infectious bovine rhinotracheitis? What are some other signs?
inflammation of the muzzle and nostrils (red nose), nasal discharge, small white plaques in nares
- fever 104-107 F
- immunosuppression
- inappetence, depression, rapid breathing
- tracheitis - non-productive cough
- entire herd is commonly infected, death uncommon
What are the 2 major signs of ocular infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
- severe conjunctivitis
- excessive clear ocular discharge with corneal opacity, which make the surrounding hair look crusty
What is the classic sign of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis? What else may be seen?
red spots and pustules lining the vulva and vagina OR penis (balanoposthitis)
- vulvar discharge
- drop in milk production
- excessive tail twitching
- frequent urination
- persists for 2-3 weeks
When do abortions associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis most commonly occur? What is it a result of?
5-6 months of gestation
fetal death –> fetus is commonly partially decomposed
Other than infection, how does infectious bovine rhinotracheitis induce abortion?
giving a modified live vaccine to pregnant animals or those in contact with pregnant animals
What 5 organs are involved with neonatal generalized infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
- respiratory tract
- GI tract
- liver
- kidneys
- adrenals
(usually fatal)
What 2 modes of infection can lead to neonatal generalized infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
- wild type virus infection
- live vaccines
What treatment is recommended for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
SUPPORTIVE CARE + antimicrobials for secondary infections + Flunixin + shade, water, and good feed
What are 2 methods of controlling infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
- isolate new additions for 30 days prior to introduction to the herd
- isolate infected animals immediately to prevent rapid spread
When should cattle be vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis? What type of vaccine is contraindicated in neonatal calves?
BEFORE outbreaks –> IN or IM live vaccines in feedlot aged and adult cattle, NO live vaccines to pregnant cows
live vaccines