Infectious and communicable diseases

Question 1

what is an infectious disease

Answer 1

presence and replication of an infectious agent in the tissues of a host that manifests with signs and symptoms

Question 2

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 2

a disease that is contagious

Question 3

how can diseases transmit

Answer 3

person to person, vectors, fomites, fecal oral pr foodborne

Question 4

what must all infectious organisms have

Answer 4

portal of exit, means of transmission, means of entry

Question 5

agent

Answer 5

bacteria, virus, fungi, helminths, capable of production an infectious disease

Question 6

pathogenicity

Answer 6

ability to produce and infectious disease in host

Question 7

infectivity

Answer 7

ability to invade and replicate

Question 8

virulence

Answer 8

severity of infectious disease resulting from exposure

Question 9

toxicity

Answer 9

ability of agent to produce toxins

Question 10

immunogenicity

Answer 10

ability to produce immunity within the host

Question 11

invasiveness

Answer 11

ability of agent to destroy body cells

Question 12

host factors

Answer 12

age, sex, physical and emotional health, and immune status, stress, nutrition

Question 13

portals of entry

Answer 13

skin, respiratory tract, GI tract, conjunctiva

Question 14

reservoir

Answer 14

can be human, animal, plant, insects, water, soil

Question 15

community-acquired infections

Answer 15

and infection that is acquired from the community setting

Question 16

hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections

Answer 16

catheter associated UTI, Surgical site infection, central line associated bloodstream infections
ventilator associated pneumonia

Question 17

airborne

Answer 17

when microorganisms are carried in the air in small particles EX: TB

Question 18

direct contact

Answer 18

occurs through direct surface to body surface contact and physical transfer of miroorganisms between susceptible host and infected person

Question 19

indirect contact

Answer 19

contact of a host with a contaminated inanimate object

Question 20

droplet

Answer 20

microorganisms carried through when coughing, sneezing, or talking

Question 21

Step 1 of outbreak investigation

Answer 21

establish and verify diagnosis of reported cases; identify agent

Question 22

step 2 of outbreak investigation

Answer 22

search for additional causes

Question 23

step 3 of outbreak investigation

Answer 23

characterize cases by person, place, and time

Question 24

step 5 of outbreak investigation

Answer 24

implement control measures

Question 25

step 6 of outbreak investigation

Answer 25

evaluate efficacy of control meaures

Question 26

step 7 of outbreak investigation

Answer 26

communicate findings

Question 27

endemic

Answer 27

prevalent in a specific area

Question 28

epidemic

Answer 28

significant increase in number or beyond normal geographic boundaries

Question 29

pandemic

Answer 29

widespread infection over multiple countries or world wide

Question 30

waterborne disease

Answer 30

cholera, legionella, Cryptosporidium, E.Coli

Question 31

transmission of waterborne diseases

Answer 31

drinking, inhalation of aerosolized contaminates from air around water

Question 32

signs and symptoms if legionella

Answer 32

pneumonia

Question 33

signs and symptoms of cholera and crypo

Answer 33

severe dehydration from vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

Question 34

prevention of waterborne diseases

Answer 34

maintain safe drinking water, EOA standard for water quality of large bodies of water