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Internal Medicine > Infectious > Flashcards

Infectious Flashcards

1
Q

Infective stage of schistosome (humans)

A

Circadia

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2
Q

Stage of snail penetration

A

Miracidia (after hatching of egg)

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3
Q

Diagnosis of schistosomiasis

A

Egg found in urine or stools

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4
Q

Life-cycle of schistosomes

A

Eggs (urine, stool) > miracidia (snails) > circariae (humans) > schistosomulae > adult (liver) > paired adults (mesentric venules of the bowel, venous plexus of the bladder) > eggs

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5
Q

Acute manifestations of schistosomiasis

A

Katayama fever

Swimmer’s itch/ cercarial dermatitis

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6
Q

Katayama fever is…

A

Acute manifestation of schistosomiasis that occurs when eggs are laid in target organs and release antigens

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7
Q

Swimmer’s itch

A

Skin rash caused by hypersensitivity reaction cercariae penetrating the skin

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8
Q

Chronic manifestation of schistosomiasis

A 
Intestinal schistosomiasis 
Hepatic schistosomiasis 
Urinary schistosomiasis 
Neurological schistosomiasis 
Pulmonary schistosomiasis
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9
Q

Manifestations of Katayama fever

A 
Fever 
Urticaria 
Malaise 
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea 
Hepatosplenomegaly
Cough (bronchispasm) 
Eosinophilia
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10
Q

Chronic manifestation of schistosomiasis is due to

A

Granulomatous inflammation of a particular organ in reaction to the egg deposition. Granuloma formation and fibrosis.

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11
Q

Laboratory work up for schistosomiasis

A

Stool/urine examination (egg)
Circulating antigens in serum or urine (CCA/ circulating cathodic antigen)
Antibody detection

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12
Q

Treatment of schistosomiasis

A

Praziquantel (first line)

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13
Q

Snail species for schistosomiasis is

A

Biomphalaria species: S. mansoni

Bulinis species: S. hematobium

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14
Q

Cells with CD4 receptors (HIV)

A

CD4 T cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages

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15
Q

Most common chief complaints of HIV/AIDS patients

A 
Cough
Fever
Diarrhea and vomiting 
Focal deficit 
Infectious swelling in different areas like axilla
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16
Q

HPI of RVI patients

A 
Duration
How diagnosis was made
HAART 
Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy 
Adherence 
Follow up 
Baseline CD4 count
Side effect of drugs
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17
Q

The five main plasmodium spp are

A 
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale 
Plasmodium malariae 
Plasmodium knowlesi
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18
Q

The plasmodium species that infects all stages of RBC

A

Falciparum

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19
Q

Plasmodium species with dormant (hypnozoite) stages

A

P. vivax and ovale

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20
Q

Does not infect Duffy factor negative RBCs

A

P. vivax

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21
Q

Plasmodium species with quartan (72 hours) erythrocytic cycle

A

P. malariae

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22
Q

Infective stage of plasmodium species

A

Sporozoite

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23
Q

Mosquitoes take in (plasmodium stage)

A

Gametocytes

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24
Q

Agglutination is

A

Infected RBC adhering to other infected RBC

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25
Q

Rosette formation is

A

In infected RBC adhere to infected

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26
Q

Cytoadherence is

A

Infected RBC attaching to capillary and venular endothelium receptors

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27
Q

Mature malaria parasite are found in

A

Sequestered in vital organs

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28
Q

Cytoadherence, rosette formation and agglutination are central to the pathogenesis of

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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29
Q

Splenomegaly in malaria is due to

A

Augmented immunologic and filterative function of the spleen

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30
Q

Immunity after exposure to malaria protects from

A

High parasitemia and severe disease but not from infection

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31
Q

Which blood group has been associated with protection against severe anemia

A

Blood group O

32
Q

Most prevalent malaria parasite in Africa

A

P. falciparum

33
Q

RBC abnormalities protective against severe falciparum malaria

A

Sickle cell anemia
Beta-thalassemia
G6PD deficiency

34
Q

Main malaria vectors in Ethiopia

A

Anopheles arabiensis
Anopheles pharoensis
A. funestus
A. nili

35
Q

Cells with CD4 receptors (HIV)

A

CD4 T cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages

36
Q

Most common chief complaints of HIV/AIDS patients

A 
Cough
Fever
Diarrhea and vomiting 
Focal deficit 
Infectious swelling in different areas like axilla
37
Q

HPI of RVI patients

A 
Duration
How diagnosis was made
HAART 
Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy 
Adherence 
Follow up 
Baseline CD4 count
Side effect of drugs
38
Q

The five main plasmodium spp are

A 
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale 
Plasmodium malariae 
Plasmodium knowlesi
39
Q

The plasmodium species that infects all stages of RBC

A

Falciparum

40
Q

Plasmodium species with dormant (hypnozoite) stages

A

P. vivax and ovale

41
Q

Does not infect Duffy factor negative RBCs

A

P. vivax

42
Q

Plasmodium species with quartan (72 hours) erythrocytic cycle

A

P. malariae

43
Q

Infective stage of plasmodium species

A

Sporozoite

44
Q

Mosquitoes take in (plasmodium stage)

A

Gametocytes

45
Q

Agglutination is

A

Infected RBC adhering to other infected RBC

46
Q

Rosette formation is

A

In infected RBC adhere to infected

47
Q

Cytoadherence is

A

Infected RBC attaching to capillary and venular endothelium receptors

48
Q

Mature malaria parasite are found in

A

Sequestered in vital organs

49
Q

Cytoadherence, rosette formation and agglutination are central to the pathogenesis of

A

Plasmodium falciparum

50
Q

Splenomegaly in malaria is due to

A

Augmented immunologic and filterative function of the spleen

51
Q

Immunity after exposure to malaria protects from

A

High parasitemia and severe disease but not from infection

52
Q

Which blood group has been associated with protection against severe anemia

A

Blood group O

53
Q

Most prevalent malaria parasite in Africa

A

P. falciparum

54
Q

RBC abnormalities protective against severe falciparum malaria

A

Sickle cell anemia
Beta-thalassemia
G6PD deficiency

55
Q

Main malaria vectors in Ethiopia

A

Anopheles arabiensis
Anopheles pharoensis
A. funestus
A. nili

56
Q

Cells with CD4 receptors (HIV)

A

CD4 T cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages

57
Q

Most common chief complaints of HIV/AIDS patients

A 
Cough
Fever
Diarrhea and vomiting 
Focal deficit 
Infectious swelling in different areas like axilla
58
Q

HPI of RVI patients

A 
Duration
How diagnosis was made
HAART 
Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy 
Adherence 
Follow up 
Baseline CD4 count
Side effect of drugs
59
Q

The five main plasmodium spp are

A 
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale 
Plasmodium malariae 
Plasmodium knowlesi
60
Q

The plasmodium species that infects all stages of RBC

A

Falciparum

61
Q

Plasmodium species with dormant (hypnozoite) stages

A

P. vivax and ovale

62
Q

Does not infect Duffy factor negative RBCs

A

P. vivax

63
Q

Plasmodium species with quartan (72 hours) erythrocytic cycle

A

P. malariae

64
Q

Infective stage of plasmodium species

A

Sporozoite

65
Q

Mosquitoes take in (plasmodium stage)

A

Gametocytes

66
Q

Agglutination is

A

Infected RBC adhering to other infected RBC

67
Q

Rosette formation is

A

In infected RBC adhere to infected

68
Q

Cytoadherence is

A

Infected RBC attaching to capillary and venular endothelium receptors

69
Q

Mature malaria parasite are found in

A

Sequestered in vital organs

70
Q

Cytoadherence, rosette formation and agglutination are central to the pathogenesis of

A

Plasmodium falciparum

71
Q

Splenomegaly in malaria is due to

A

Augmented immunologic and filterative function of the spleen

72
Q

Immunity after exposure to malaria protects from

A

High parasitemia and severe disease but not from infection

73
Q

Which blood group has been associated with protection against severe anemia

A

Blood group O

74
Q

Most prevalent malaria parasite in Africa

A

P. falciparum

75
Q

RBC abnormalities protective against severe falciparum malaria

A

Sickle cell anemia
Beta-thalassemia
G6PD deficiency

76
Q

Main malaria vectors in Ethiopia

A

Anopheles arabiensis
Anopheles pharoensis
A. funestus
A. nili

Internal Medicine (10 decks)

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