Infectious Flashcards
Steeple sign (subglottic narrowing)
Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Thumb sign on neck X-ray
Epiglottitis
most common cause of Bronchiolitis
RSV
Most common cause of croup
Parainfluenza virus
Prodromal URI symptoms are typically followed by low-grade fever, mild dyspnea, inspiratory stridor that worsens with agitation, a hoarse voice, and the characteristic barking cough (usually at night).
CROUP (LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS)
A serious and rapidly progressive infection of supraglottic structures (eg, the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds)
Epiglottitis
Presents with acute-onset high fever (39–40°C [102–104°F]), dysphagia, drooling, a muffled voice, inspiratory retractions, cyanosis, and soft stridor.
Patients sit with the neck hyperextended and the chin protruding (“sniffing dog” position) and lean forward in a “tripod” position to maximize air entry.
Epiglottitis
Common cause of Epiglottitis
Before vaccinations: Hib
Now strep
What are the most common bacteria that cause meningitis in neonates (
Neonates: GBS, Listeria, E coli
Infants/children: S pneumoniae, N meningitidis, H influenzae
A highly infectious form of bronchitis caused by the gram-⊖ bacillus Bordetella pertussis.
Pertussis
Treatment of meningitis of neonates and older children
Neonates should receive ampicillin and cefotaxime or gentamicin.
Consider acyclovir if there is concern for herpes encephalitis (eg, if the mother had HSV lesions at the time of the infant’s birth).
Older children should receive ceftriaxone and vancomycin.
Most contagious stage in pertussis
Has 3 stages:
(1) catarrhal (mild URI symptoms; lasts 1–2 weeks)m most contagious
(2) paroxysmal (paroxysms of cough with inspiratory whoop and posttussive emesis; lasts 2–3 months)
(3) convalescent (symptoms wane).
infant
Pertussis
Antibiotic for pertussis
Erythromycin
Antibiotics for Epiglottitis
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
Viral exanthem with Slapped cheek appearance
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Etiology of fifth disease
Parvovirus B19
Complications of fifth disease
Arthropathy
Aplastic crisis
Cough coryza koplik’s spots conjunctivitis
Head to toe spread of maculopapular rash
Measles
Etiology of measles
Paramyxovirus
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare complication of which viral exanthem
Measles
Congenital infection of rubella causes with heart defect?
PDA
3-day measles
With generalized lymphadenopathy as prodrome
rubella
Acute onset high fever with rash as fever breaks starting on the trunk
Caused by HHV 6-7
Roseola infantum
Vesicles at different stages of healing
Appearing on the face and spreading sparing palms and soles
Infectious from 24 hours before rashes until crusting over
Varicella
From ingestion of raw meat/handling car feces Chorioretinitis Intracranial calcifications Hydrocephalus Hepatitis IUGR
Toxoplasmosis
IUGR Cataracts congenital heart disease Mental retardation Deafness Blueberry muffin rash
Rubella
Most common congenital infection
Microcephalic
Periventricular calcifications
Choriorerinitis
CMV
2 years old
Hutchinson teeth
Saddle nose
Syphilis
