Infectious

Question 1

Steeple sign (subglottic narrowing)

Answer 1

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Question 2

Thumb sign on neck X-ray

Answer 2

Epiglottitis

Question 3

most common cause of Bronchiolitis

Answer 3

RSV

Question 4

Most common cause of croup

Answer 4

Parainfluenza virus

Question 5

Prodromal URI symptoms are typically followed by low-grade fever, mild dyspnea, inspiratory stridor that worsens with agitation, a hoarse voice, and the characteristic barking cough (usually at night).

Answer 5

CROUP (LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS)

Question 6

A serious and rapidly progressive infection of supraglottic structures (eg, the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds)

Answer 6

Epiglottitis

Question 7

Presents with acute-onset high fever (39–40°C [102–104°F]), dysphagia, drooling, a muffled voice, inspiratory retractions, cyanosis, and soft stridor.
Patients sit with the neck hyperextended and the chin protruding (“sniffing dog” position) and lean forward in a “tripod” position to maximize air entry.

Answer 7

Epiglottitis

Question 8

Common cause of Epiglottitis

Answer 8

Before vaccinations: Hib

Now strep

Question 9

What are the most common bacteria that cause meningitis in neonates (

Answer 9

Neonates: GBS, Listeria, E coli

Infants/children: S pneumoniae, N meningitidis, H influenzae

Question 10

A highly infectious form of bronchitis caused by the gram-⊖ bacillus Bordetella pertussis.

Answer 10

Pertussis

Question 11

Treatment of meningitis of neonates and older children

Answer 11

Neonates should receive ampicillin and cefotaxime or gentamicin.
Consider acyclovir if there is concern for herpes encephalitis (eg, if the mother had HSV lesions at the time of the infant’s birth).
Older children should receive ceftriaxone and vancomycin.

Question 12

Most contagious stage in pertussis

Answer 12

Has 3 stages:

(1) catarrhal (mild URI symptoms; lasts 1–2 weeks)m most contagious
(2) paroxysmal (paroxysms of cough with inspiratory whoop and posttussive emesis; lasts 2–3 months)
(3) convalescent (symptoms wane).

Question 13

infant

Answer 13

Pertussis

Question 14

Antibiotic for pertussis

Answer 14

Erythromycin

Question 15

Antibiotics for Epiglottitis

Answer 15

Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime

Question 16

Viral exanthem with Slapped cheek appearance

Answer 16

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Question 17

Etiology of fifth disease

Answer 17

Parvovirus B19

Question 18

Complications of fifth disease

Answer 18

Arthropathy

Aplastic crisis

Question 19

Cough coryza koplik’s spots conjunctivitis

Head to toe spread of maculopapular rash

Answer 19

Measles

Question 20

Etiology of measles

Answer 20

Paramyxovirus

Question 21

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare complication of which viral exanthem

Answer 21

Measles

Question 22

Congenital infection of rubella causes with heart defect?

Answer 22

PDA

Question 23

3-day measles

With generalized lymphadenopathy as prodrome

Answer 23

rubella

Question 24

Acute onset high fever with rash as fever breaks starting on the trunk
Caused by HHV 6-7

Answer 24

Roseola infantum

Question 25

Vesicles at different stages of healing
Appearing on the face and spreading sparing palms and soles
Infectious from 24 hours before rashes until crusting over

Answer 25

Varicella

Question 26

From ingestion of raw meat/handling car feces
Chorioretinitis
Intracranial calcifications
Hydrocephalus
Hepatitis
IUGR

Answer 26

Toxoplasmosis

Question 27

IUGR 
Cataracts congenital heart disease
Mental retardation
Deafness
Blueberry muffin rash

Answer 27

Rubella

Question 28

Most common congenital infection
Microcephalic
Periventricular calcifications
Choriorerinitis

Answer 28

CMV

Question 29

2 years old
Hutchinson teeth
Saddle nose

Answer 29

Syphilis