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Yr5 Infections > Infections w/Vaccines > Flashcards

Infections w/Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What organism causes measles & mumps?

A

RNA paramyxovirus

HIGHLY infectious

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2
Q

What is the pattern of Sx in someone with measles?

A

1) 2-3d = prodrome
2) 5-7d = Exanthematous stage
3) 14d = rash

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3
Q

What is the incubation period for Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Chicken Pox & Whooping cough?

A 
Measles = 10d
Mumps = 14-21d
Rubella = 14-21d
Chicken = 10-20d
Whooping = 7-20d
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4
Q

What Sx occur in the prodromal stage of measles?

A

Fever + Cough + Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplick spots

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5
Q

What Sx occur in the exanthematous stage of measles?

A

Maculopapular rash:
Behind ears → face → trunk
Lasts 6-8days

OTHER: Lymphadenopathy, anorexia, diarrhoea

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6
Q

How is measles investigated?

A

Blood Film: Leucopaenia
Bloods: LFTs (↑AST/ALT), IgM↑
Sputum sample + PCR: Measles RNA

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7
Q

How is measles treated?

A

Supportive: Isolation, Fluids, nutrition, paracetamol
2o bacterial infection: Amoxicillin
Severe: Ribavirin

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8
Q

What are the complications of measles?

A

Acute OM
Pneumonia- immediately after infection
Encephalitis- 7d after usually if immunoS
Sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis- 7-13yrs post

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9
Q

What organs does mumps affect?

A

MAINLY salivary glands
Pancreas
Testis/ovary
Brain

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10
Q

How long is mumps contagious for?

A

7d before swelling

9d after parotid swelling

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11
Q

How does mumps present?

A

Fever + malaise + myalgia

PAROTITIS: painful, earache, pain on eating, dry mouth

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12
Q

How is mumps treated?

A

Symptomatic

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13
Q

What are the complications of mumps?

A

Orchitis = INFERTILITY
Hearing Loss
Acute pancreatitis
Meningitis

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14
Q

What are the Sx of orchitis (as a complication of mumps)?

A 
Chills/sweats
Headache
Backache
Swinging fever
Severe local testicular pain & tenderness
Swollen scrotum
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15
Q

What organism causes Rubella?

A

RNA Togavirus

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16
Q

When is Rubella infective?

A

5days before + 5days after rash

17
Q

What are the Sx of Rubella?

A

Low grade fever
Macular rash: Discrete on face → coalesce whole body
Forcheimer spots: Red spots on palate
Lymphadenopathy: Post-auricular, sub-occipital, cervical
Arthralgia

18
Q

How is Rubella investigated?

A

Serology +/- Saliva PCR

FBC: ↓WCC

19
Q

How is Rubella managed?

A

Supportive

ASK about contact w/pregnant women

20
Q

What are the complications or Rubella?

A

Foetal damage: Teratogenic in 1st trimester = Miscarriage/Stillbirth not thought to be a risk >20w
Encephalopathy
Arthritis + Arthralgia
Thrombocytopenia

21
Q

When is chicken pox infective?

A

2d before vesicles till last vesicle has crusted over

22
Q

How does Chicken Pox present?

A

Viral Prodrome: Fever + Coryza 2days before rash
Vesicular rash
Itchy++
Headache, anorexia, URTI

23
Q

How does the Chicken Pox rash progress?

A

Head + trunk → body

Macules → Papules → Vesicle → Pustule → Crust

24
Q

How is Chicken Pox investigated?

A

Clinical diagnosis but if unsure:

Serology: VZV IgM

25
Q

How is Chicken Pox treated?

A

Isolation/off school
Supportive: Calpol/Paracetamol, Calamine lotion
Severe/immunoS: Aciclovir
2o bacterial: Flucloxacillin

26
Q

What are the indications for a varicella zoster vaccine?

A

In contact w/people at high risk of severe chicken pox/shingles infection
-Non-immune healthcare workers

27
Q

What are the complications of chicken pox?

A 
Secondary bacterial infection
Necrotising fasciitis & TSS
Viral pneumonia/Pneumonitis
Encephalitis
Shingles
28
Q

What should be done if a pregnant women comes into contact with someone with chicken pox?

A

Prev had chicken pox: No worries

Not prev had chicken pox: Antibody blood test → not immune → varicella zoster immunoglobulins

29
Q

How does shingles occur?

A

VZV reactivation later in life

Vesicular lesions in nerve distribution

30
Q

How does shingles present?

A

Burning rash follows dermatome

Tx: Aciclovir 10mg/kg TDS

31
Q

What organism causes whooping cough?

A

Bordetella Pertussis

Commonly co-infected w/RSV

32
Q

What are the Sx of whooping cough?

A 
CATARRHAL PHASE: (1-2w)
-Coryza + cough + fever
PAROXYSMAL PHASE: (2-6w)
-Paroxysmal coughing fit & inspiratory whoop leads to vomiting
Rhinorrhoea
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Young: Apnoea & NO WHOOPING
33
Q

In whooping cough what makes the cough +/- vomiting worse?

A

Night

Post-feeds

34
Q

How is whooping cough investigated?

A

PCR via nasal swab = DIAGNOSTIC
Culture
Bloods: ↑WCC, leucocytosis
Serology: If >17yo or <5yo w/2w cough for anti-pertussis toxin IgG

35
Q

How is whooping cough treated?

A

Self-limiting usually 1m
Erythromycin 14d or Clarithromycin 7d
Isolation: For 5d after starting Abx
Prophylaxis: Immunisation & Erythromycin to close contacts

36
Q

What are the complications of whooping cough?

A

Encephalitis & seizures
Dehydration
Weight loss

37
Q

What are the indications for hospital admission w/whooping cough?

A 
<6mo
Ventilation required
Apnoea
Cyanosis
Severe paroxysms
Seizure

Yr5 Infections (4 decks)

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