Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr5 Infections > EBV, HIV & Flu > Flashcards

EBV, HIV & Flu Flashcards

1
Q

How common is Glandular fever?

A

Affects 90% of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What organisms cause glandular fever?

A

EBV- Most common
CMV
HHV6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the incubation period of EBV?

A

4-6weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pathophysiology of glandular fever?

A

Initial LYTIC phase = Oropharyngeal B cell infection
Spreads to spleen, liver & peripheral LN
Promotes humoral & cellular immune response
LATENT phase = EBV immortalises infected lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the MAIN Sx of glandular fever?

A

TRIAD:

1) Mild fever
2) Pharyngitis
3) Lymphadenopathy (post triangle of neck)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What other features are commonly seen in glandular fever?

A 
Malaise/fatigue- several months post-infection
Tonsillitis
Sore throat- Leukoplakia?
Palatal petechiae + uvular oedema 
Macular rash
Hepatosplenomegaly
RARE: Jaundice, arthralgia, myalgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long does it take for splenomegaly to resolve in glandular fever?

A

3weeks post-presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is Glandular fever investigated?

A
  • MONOSPOT: Horse RBC agglutinate on exposure to heterophiles Ab
  • Bloods: ↑WCC, ↑ESR, ALT/AST (mild)
  • Blood Film: Atypical lymphocytes (large, irregular nuclei)
  • Throat swab: Group A strep
  • Abdo USS: Splenomegaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is glandular fever treated?

A

Self-limiting
Paracetamol
Severe: Steroids +/- Aciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be avoided in glandular fever?

A

OH-: Protects liver

Contact sports: Splenic rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the complications of glandular fever?

A 
Severe upper airway obstruction
Hepatitis fulminans
Severe thrombocytopenia & haemolytic anaemia
EBV oncogenicity- LYMPHOMA
Crescenteric GN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the incubation period of influenza?

A

1-4d

Infective 1d before Sx → 7d after Sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does influenza present?

A 
Fever
Headache
Malaise
Myalgia
N&V
Conjunctivitis & eye pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is influenza investigated?

A 
Clinical
Ix reserved for community surveillance purposes-
Paired serology: Takes >2w
Nasopharyngeal culture: Takes 1w
PCR: 36hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is influenza treated?

A

Supportive: Bedrest + paracetamol
Antiviral: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) if at risk group start within 48hours of Sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who is classed as ‘at risk’ and require antivirals in flu?

A

1) Chronic respiratory disease: COPD, CF, Asthma, Interstitial fibrosis, bronchiectasis
2) Chronic heart disease: IHD, Congenital HF
3) CKD/DM/CLD
4) ImmunoS

17
Q

What are the complications of influenza?

A

Haemophilus infection → Epiglottitis
Pneumonia
Bronchitis

18
Q

How is epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus infection treated?

A

ICU → Intubation
Blood Cultures
IV Cefuroxime/Cefotaxime
PROPHYLAXIS: Rifampicin to household

19
Q

What is the pathogenesis of influenza?

A

Serotypes A, B & C
A = Most frequent, causes major flu outbreaks, further subdivided by ‘N’ & ‘H’ surface antigens
B = Circulates w/A causes less severe yearly outbreaks
C = Mild/asymptomatic, similar to common cold

20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of HIV infection?

A

HIV binds to CD4 receptors on helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages, neural cells
CD4+ cells migrate to lymphoid tissue where virus replicates
Releases billions of virions → infect more CD4+ cells & deplete levels
Leads to immunoS = ↑risk infection + malignancy

21
Q

How long does HIV take to become established in a host?

A

48-72hours

22
Q

What are the different stages of HIV?

A

1) Sero-conversion
2) Clinical latency
3) ARC (AIDS related complex)
4) AIDS

23
Q

What are the Sx in the sero-conversion stage of HIV?

A

PRIMARY infection → transient illness at 2-6w
Flu like Sx
Exacerbation of chronic inflammatory conditions (Eczema)
Mouth ulcers
Lymphadenopathy
Maculopapular rash on TRUNK

24
Q

What happens in the clinical latency stage of HIV?

A

Asymptomatic infection

Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy → Nodes >1cm for >3m

25
Q

What happens in the ARC stage of HIV?

A

↓CD4 + ↑HIV viral load
Prodrome to AIDS
Constitutional Sx (fever, night sweats, diarrhoea, ↓Weight)
Opportunistic infections

26
Q

What happens when AIDS occurs?

A

Occurs 8yrs post-exposure
CD4 < 200 x 106/L
Death = 2yr if no HAART

27
Q

What opportunistic infections may be seen in HIV?

A

ORAL: Candida, Hairy leukoplakia, Ulcers
SKIN: Rashes, Shingles, Psoriasis, Molloscum contagious, Warts, Tinea, Seborrhoeic dermatitis
RESP: TB, Pneumocystis, Jerovecii, Atypical pneumonia
CNS: Cryptococcal meningitis, CMV retinitis
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

28
Q

What is the criteria for testing for HIV?

A 
●Anyone who requests it 
●Sex w/ person from high risk country 
●Anyone w/STI 
●All registering in GP where prevalence >2/1000
●Partner has HIV
●Homosexual men or MSM
●IVDU 
●HIV as differential
29
Q

How is HIV diagnosed?

A

CONSET FOR TEST

1) POC test:
- Self-sampling kit: blood/saliva sent in post
- Rapid test kit: +ve result in 30mins
2) HIV p24 antigen PCR: 2-4w post-infection
3) HIV Ab ELISA: >4w post-infection
4) 4th gen serology test:↓ time between infection + diagnosis, repeat test at 3m to confirm

30
Q

What is the next step if a +ve test result for HIV is found on a rapid test kit?

A

Must be confirmed by ELISA (HIV Ab + western blot)

31
Q

What happens if a -ve result for HIV is found but there is still a high suspicion?

A

May be in false result due to low viral load:
INITIALLY HIV p24 antigen
THEN
HIV Ab at 6w AND 3m to confirm diagnosis

32
Q

How is HIV monitored?

A 
EVERY 3m measure:
-HIV RNA levels
-CD4 Count
-Viral load
-FBC
EVERy 6-12m measure:
-U&amp;E (Creatinine)
-Cl
-HCO3
-LFTs (Bilirubin, lipid profile)
-Glucose
33
Q

How is HIV managed?

A 
HAART: OD/BD 3HIV drugs from >2classes
- x2 NRTI +1:
-Protease inhibitor
OR
-NNRTI
OR
-Integrase inhibitor
34
Q

How is HIV prevented?

A

PEP/PEPSE
Prevent sero-conversion in high risk
72hours of exposure

35
Q

What are the compilations of HIV?

A

Conversion to AIDS
Drug resistance
Cancer: NHL, Kaposi, Invasive cervical cancer

36
Q

How is HIV managed in pregnancy?

A 
HAART
Measure VL: 36w
Vaginal delivery: VL <50 otherwise C-Section
Neonate PEP for 4w
AVOID breastfeeding
37
Q

What are the common SE of HAART treatments?

A 
Lipodystrophy
N&amp;V&amp;D
Rash
Hepatitis
Renal impairment
Cushing's
Bone problems

Yr5 Infections (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions