Infections Physiology And Pharmacology Flashcards
What antibiotic, normally used as second line agent for UTI, causes an increase INR of warfarin. Why does it occur.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
70% Sulfamethoxazole and 44% trimethoprim is bound to warfarin displacing warfarin from protein binding site. Also inhibits S-warfarin metabolism.
What are the four C’s antibiotic responsible for C.difficile.
What antibiotic when administered with alcohol causes a disulfiram like reaction.
(a) Metronidazole
(b) Doxycycline
(c) Clarithromycin
(d)Flucloxacillin
(e) Erythromycin
(a) Metronidazole
What antibiotic when co-administered with Rivaroxaban increases risk of bleed.
(a) Metronidazole
(b) Doxycycline
(c) Clarithromycin
(d)Flucloxacillin
(e) Erythromycin
(e) Rivaroxaban is a CYP3A4 substrate and macrocodes are inhibitors.
What antibiotic when co-administered with NSAIDs increases the risk of seizures.
(a) Metronidazole
(b) Doxycycline
(c) Ciprofloxacin
(d) Amoxicillin
(e) Erythromycin
(c) Ciprofloxacin
Patient presents with QT prolongation. What is the likely reason for this presentation.
(a) Insulin + Meropenem
(b) Clarithromycin + Amiodarone
(c) Fluoxetine + Amoxicillin
(d) Isotretinoin + Doxycycline
(b) Macrolide and Amiodarone are known to prolong QT and when together they increase the risk of QT prolongation.
Patient with history of Ulcerative colitis presents to your word requiring antibiotics for hospital acquired pneumonia. She has no penicillin allergy. What agent would you avoid.
(a) Co-Amoxiclav
(b) Levofloxacin
(c) Vancomycin
(d) Linezolid
(a) Co-amoxiclav as there is increased risk of toxic mega colon.
Patient R has been prescribed loop diuretic to manage peripheral oedema secondary to Heart failure. You finish you ward rounds and realise Patient R has been started on Vancomycin for MRSA. What are your concerns here.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity when vancomycin is co-administered with loop diuretics.
Patient Lina presents to you wards with tinnitus and you check her drug history, what is the likely causative agent.
(a) Co-Amoxiclav
(b) Levofloxacin
(c) Vancomycin
(d) Linezolid
(c) Vancomycin.
60 year old patient presents to your ward and the doctor has prescribed Ciprofloxacin for management of respiratory infection. What are you concerns.
Increased risk of tendinopathy in patient age >60.
Which antibiotics on this list can you take on an empty stomach.
(a) Azithromycin capsules
(b) Metronidazole
(c) Amoxicillin
(d) Clarithromycin
(a) Azithromycin capsules
Which antibiotics should patient take with or just after food.
(a) Metronidazole
(b) Amoxicillin
(c) Ciprofloxacin
(d) Doxycycline
(e) Nitrofurantoin
(a) + (b) + (e) = mitagate GI upset, improve absorption. The rest can be take on an empty stomach.
Which antibiotic needs to be taken with full glass of water.
(a) Metronidazole
(b) Amoxicillin
(c) Ciprofloxacin
(d) Doxycycline
(e) Nitrofurantoin
(a) + (d) = to prevent risk of esophagitis.
Gentamicin mechanism of action
Irreversible inhibitor of 30s ribosome.
True or false:
a) Gentamicin exhibits concentration dependent killing.
b) Vancomycin shows time dependent killing.
Both true
Select the best option from the list provided.
a. Gentamicin
b. Vancomycin
c. Penicillin V
d. Co-Amoxiclav
e. Clarithromycin
- A patient who has an infection which has grown to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is allergic to penicillin. The patient’s calculated creatinine clearance is 70 mL/min
- A 16-year-old patient who has developed tonsillitis. Which agent should be prescribed initially, as empirical treatment.
- a. Gentamicin
- c. Penicillin V
What microorganism cause bacterial tonsillitis
Stept. A (gram +)
What antibiotics cover Strept. A infections.
1.Phenoxymethylpenicillin used for the treatment of strep throat, otitis media…. (Penicillin V)
Also: TMP-SMX, macrolides….
What antibiotic has broad spectrum activity against Pseudomonas Aurginosa if patient is allergic to penicillin.
Gentamicin (aminoglycosides)
First Line and second line agent for Otitis media
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
What causes Otitis media
Strept. pneumonia (gram +)
