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Physiology > Infections of the Skin > Flashcards

Infections of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

How does skin act as a defensive barrier?

A 
1- Layer of dry dead cells
2- Surface always sloughing/shedding
3- Low pH
4- Sweat secretion
5- Rich blood and lymphatic supply
6- Produces antimicrobial substances
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2
Q

What antimicrobial substances does the skin produce?

A

1- Fatty acids
2- Sebum
3- Defensins

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3
Q

What are the six normal skin microbiota?

A

1- Coagulase-negative staphylococcus epidermis
2- Coagulase-negative staphylococcus aureus
3- Streptococcus pyogens
4- Propionibacterium acnes
5- Corynebacterium sp.
6- Candida sp.

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4
Q

Where does ringworm occur?

A

Keratinised epithelium

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5
Q

Where does impetigo occur?

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

Where does folliculitis occur?

A

Hair follicles

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7
Q

Where does cellulitis occur?

A

Subcutaneous fat

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8
Q

Where does necrotising fascitis occur?

A

Fascia

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9
Q

Where does gas gangrene occur?

A

Muscle

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10
Q

What are the three routs of skin infection?

A

Skin- pores, hair follicles
Wounds- scratches, burns, cuts
BItes- insects, animals

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11
Q

What are four examples of bacterial infections of the skin?

A

1- Staphylococcus aureus
2- Streptococcus pyogens
3- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4- Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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12
Q

What are the features of Streptococcus pyogens?

A 
1- Cocci
2- Grows in chains
3- Gram-positive (purple)
4- Group A Streptococcus (GAS)
5- Multiple virulence factors
6- Beta-haemolytic
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13
Q

What are the features of Staphylococcus aureus?

A 
1- Cocci
2- Grows in clusters
3- Gram-positive (purple)
4- Causes huge range of illnesses
5- Has two antibiotic resistance strains, MRSA and VRSA
6- Multiple virulence factors
7- Direct infection of effect of toxin
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14
Q

What are the features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A 
1- Coccobacillus
2- Gram-negative (red/pink)
3- Monotrichous flagellum
4- Opportunistic
5- Colonises catheters and similar things
6- Produces exotoxin A
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15
Q

What produces exotoxin A?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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16
Q

What are the four different forms of skin legions?

A

1- Macule
2- Papule
3- Vesicle
4- Ulcer

17
Q

What is a macule?

A

1- Skin legion

2- Flat, red, local inflammation

18
Q

What is a papule?

A

1- Skin legion

2- Raised, red, more marked inflammation

19
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

1- Skin lesion

2- Small blister

20
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

1- Skin lesion

2- Disruption of epithelium

21
Q

What is an abcess?

A

1- Collection of pus or a pustule

22
Q

What is a cutaneous vesicle?

A

1- Blister
2- Bulla, plural = bullae
3- Fluid filled sac

23
Q

What is a pyoderma?

A

1- Pus-forming skin infection

2- Cutaneous abscess

24
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Vesicles developing into rupturing pustules then forming dried crusts

25
Q

What is ecthyma?

A

Rupturing vesicles leading to erythematous lesions and dried crusts

26
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Inflammation of a hair follicle

27
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

1- Boil

2- Deep folliculitis

28
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

A collection of boils

29
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Erythema and inflammation of the superficial dermis

30
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Erythemous inflammation affecting the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat

31
Q

What is acne?

A

Infection of the sebaceous follicles

32
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Cellulitis with necrosis affecting skin, deeper fascia and sometimes muscles

33
Q

What is dehiscence?

A

Wound rupture along surgical suture

34
Q

What are the two types of fungal infections of the skin?

A

1- Dermatophytes

2- Yeasts

35
Q

What are three examples of dermatophytes?

A

1- Tinea pedis
2- Tinea corporis
3- Tinea cruris

36
Q

What are two types of yeasts?

A

1- Candida albicans

2- Malassezia furfur

37
Q

What are five examples of viral infections of the skin?

A

1- HPV: human papilloma virus, warts
2- HSV1: herpes simplex virus 1, cold sores
3- HSV2: herpes simplex virus 2, genital warts
4- VCV: varicella zoster virus, chicken pox, shingles
5- Coxsackie A virus: hand, foot and mouth disease

38
Q

What is Sarcoptes scabei?

A 
1- Mites 
2- Cause scabies
3- Mite burrows into skin and female lays eggs
4- Can be asymptomatic
5- Hypersensitivity may occur
6- May lead to superinfection

Physiology (6 decks)

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