Infections & Infestations Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the progression of HSV?

A

1st exposure causes the first clinical episode or goes straight to latency.

Lies latent in your DRG

New episodes occur due to certain stimuli

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2
Q

What can cause a flare up of HSV?

A
  • Trauma
  • Menstruation
  • Sunlight
  • Fever
  • Stress
  • random?
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3
Q

So if a patient presents with small closely grouped vesicles/pustules that come and go in the same place?

A

Herpes simplex virus

Tends to return to the same spot as the first exposure e.g. hands/genital/mouth

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4
Q

How do we treat HSV?

A

Aciclovir

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5
Q

What patients suffer badly with HSV?

A

Immunocompromised or atopic patients

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6
Q

How does Herpes Zoster Virus appear?

A

Closely grouped vesicles in a dermatomal distribution

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7
Q

What conditions are caused by HZV?

A

Chickenpox on primary exposure

Shingles later

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8
Q

How do you trat HZV and what are its complications?

A

Aciclovir

Extensive Scarring and Post-herpetic Neuralgia

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9
Q

If a patient tells you they had a small number of papules/vesicles on their hands and after 6 weeks broke out in itchy excoriations and pustules on their chest what do you think they have?

A

SCABIES!!

Mites transferred from person to person burrow under you skin and shit. after 6 wks or so you get allergic to the faeces and break out in the itchy rash

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10
Q

How is Scabies transmitted?

A

Person to person.

Its slow, you have to hold someones body for around a minute for the mites to pass over. (so think loved ones)

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11
Q

What can you look for to confirm scabies?

A

Visible burrows in the skin, mainly the hands.

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12
Q

How do you treat scabies?

A

Liclear cream
Patient has to cover their whole body in it, wait 8 hours, wash it off and repeat in 1 wk

Ensure you treat all their contacts simulatenously to prevent re-infection

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13
Q

What virus causes warts?

A

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

has a 4 month incubation period

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14
Q

What are the types of Warts?

A

Common
Plantar
Genital
Other - Plane/filiform/mosaic

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15
Q

How do you treat warts?

A

Largely let them regress themselves
Chemical paints e.g. salicylic acid
Cryotherapy e.g. Liq Nitrogen
Imiquimod (genital warts)

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16
Q

What are the main bacterial species causes skin infections?

A

Staph Aureus
Streptococci

They can cause Impetigo, Ecthyma/Cellulitis, Erysipelas and boils (Furuncle)

17
Q

How do we treat bacterial infections?

A

Antibiotics
IV for Erysipelas

Drain pus from a boil

18
Q

Whats the most common fungal infection and how do you get it?

A

CAndida Yeast

Wet, unclean areas like under breasts. nails or between fingers get infected if you don’t keep them clean

19
Q

How does candida present and how do we get ris of it?

A

Erythema rash with satellite pustules

Oral or topical antifungals (e.g. fluconazole)

20
Q

What infections can dermatophyte fungi cause?

A

Tinea Pedia (Athlete’s Foot)
Tinea Corpuris
Tinea Cruris (akak Tinea Incognito)
Tinea Barbea

21
Q

How do Tinea infections appear?

A

Flaky red rings with scaly bits around the edge

Tinea Pedis has white lacerated flaky skin between toes

Tinea Incognito loses the scaly appearance, often just being a large reg patch expanding from the inguinal creases

22
Q

How do we test for Tinea infection?

A

Skin scrape from the edge of the scaly rings for a fungal culture

23
Q

What is Kerion?

A

A fungal scalp infection, mainly in kids whos scalps dont make much sebum (grease).
Looks like honeycomb oozing raw part of the scalp

24
Q

How do we test for kerion?

A

Hair sample from affected area for a fungal culture