Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD3002 Pathology > Infections in Pregnancy and the Neonate > Flashcards

Infections in Pregnancy and the Neonate Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perinatal period defined as?

A
  • Commences at 22 weeks (154 days) of gestation and ends 7 days after birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the neonatal period defined as?

A

First 28 days of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the postnatal period defined as?

A

First 6 weeks after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can vertical transmission be?

A
  • Across placenta (intrauterine)
  • During birth
  • Direct contact with maternal body fluids
  • Prolonged rupture of membranes
  • After birth (from mother or other contacts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When can rubella be transmitted to the baby from the mother?

A

1st trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the risk of the baby developing congenital rubella syndrome?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the initial signs of rubella?

A
  • Hepatitis associated jaundice
  • Haemolysis
  • Thrombocytopaenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can the effects of rubella be on the baby?

A
  • Microcephalus
  • Cataract
  • Deafness
  • Heart defects
  • Low birth weight
  • Termination of pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What virus causes chicken pox?

A
  • Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) also causes shingles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

WHat can primary maternal VZV infection cause in the 1st 20 weeks of gestation?

A
  • Congenital varicella syndrome

- Eye defects, hypoplastic limb, microcephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What ccan VZV around delivery cause?

A
  • Neonatal varicella syndrome

- Rash, pneumonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is given to treat chicken pox / VZV?

A
  • Aciclovir (IV) - high dose

- VZV immunoglobulin (within 7-10 days of exposure - prevents fetal/neonatal varicella syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the vaccine for VZV?

A
  • Live vaccine
  • Varivax
  • Varilrix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is infection from mother to child for parvovirus B19?

A

1st 20 weeks of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Parvovirus B19 cause?

A
  • Slapped cheek syndrome
  • Fetal anaemia (hydrops in <10%)
  • Fetus monitored for ascites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is parvovirus diagnosed?

A
  • Amniocentesis
  • Chorionic villus sampling
  • Cordocentesis (decreasing use)
17
Q

What family of viruses is Cytomegalovirus in?

A

Herpes family

18
Q

What can cytomegalovirus cause in the fetus?

A
  • Deafness

- Retardation in fetus

19
Q

How is CMV diagnosed?

A
  • NAAT on amniotic fluid or neonatal blood/urine within 3 weeks of birth
20
Q

What is listeriosis caused by?

A

Listeria monocytogenes (certain foods e.g soft cheeses)

21
Q

How is listeriosis spread to the child?

A
  • Transplacental (oftenunapparent maternal infection)

- Intrapartum

22
Q

What can infection in early pregnancy cause?

A

Fetal death

23
Q

What can infection in later pregnancy cause?

A

Premature birth

24
Q

What are the chances of transplacental transmission of toxoplasmosis?

A

1:3

25
Q

What can toxoplasmosis infection in the 1st or 2nd trimester lead to?

A
  • Stillborn
  • Death soon after birth
  • Cerebral calcification
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Epilepsy
  • Chorioretinitis
26
Q

How is toxoplasmosis treated?

A

Spiramycin

27
Q

How is maternal infection of toxoplasmosis confirmed?

A

Presense of IgM

28
Q

How is listeriois diagnosed?

A

Culture

  • Blood
  • CSF
  • PLacental tissue
  • Lochia (vagina after delivery)
29
Q

What can the complications be of listeriosis?

A 
Fetal infection 
- Bacteraemia 
- Hepatosplenomegaly 
- Meningoencephaly 
- Thrombocytopaenia 
- Pneumonitis 
Intrapartum exposure 
- Meningitis 
- Bactraemia
30
Q

What is the percentage risk of vertical transmission of HIV?

A

25 - 30%

- Greatest risk with advanced maternal disease / high viral load

31
Q

How is vertical transmission prevented?

A
  • HIV testing
  • Counselling
  • Antiretroviral medication
  • Delivery by C-section
  • Discouraging breastfeeding
32
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

Benzylpenicillin (rare in child due to pre-natal screening)

33
Q

What does syphilis present with in baby?

A
  • Fever
  • Rash
  • Condylomata
  • Mucousal fissures
34
Q

What can staph aureus cause in the baby?

A

Scalded skin syndrome

35
Q

How is zika virus spread?

A

Bite of aedes species of mosquito

36
Q

What can zika cause during pregnancy?

A

Severe congenital brain effects

  • Microcephaly
  • Guillain-Barre syndrome
37
Q

Dormancy is a characteristic of what type of viruses?

A

Herpes viruses (e.g CMV, VZV)

MD3002 Pathology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions