Dysfunction of the male system Flashcards
How many sages of maturation are there for male genitalia
5
What is the average age for puberty in boys?
14
What is the average age for puberty in girls?
13
What triggers the onset of puberty?
Higher onsets in the cerebral cortex which trigger the hypothalamus to make GnRH
What cell produce inhibin?
Sertoli cells
If there is a endocrine abnormality in a male and testosterone is low but FSH and LH are high where is the default thought to be found?
The testes (primary gonadal failure)
If there is a endocrine abnormality in a male and FSH, LH and testosterone are low where is the default thought to be found?
Hypothalamus or pituitary (secondary gonadal failure)
What happens to the feedback sensitivity of the hypothalamus when puberty is initiated?
Decreased
What can cause a temporary delay of puberty?
- Constitutional delay (familial, sporadic)
- Chronic illness e.g malabsorption, malnutrition, malignancy
- Hormonal disturbances (eg GH deficieny, hypothyroidism)
What are the causes of secondary/hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?
- Kallman’s syndrome (with anosmia)
- Hypopituitarism (eg tumour, trauma)
What can cause primary/ hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?
- Klinfelter’s
- Anorchia
- Orchitis (eg mumps)
- Radiation treatment and/or cytoxic chemotherapy (eg leukaemia)
- Surgical or traumatic castration
How can delayed puberty be treated?
- Simply waiting
- Small 100mg injections of testosterone for 3 months, this switches on puberty
What can Klinfelters present with?
- Small testes + penis
- Scanty pubic hair
- Gynaecomastia
- Large wingspan
- Diagnosed with chromosome analysis
What is Kallman’s syndrome?
- Type of hypotrophic hypogonadism
- Failure of development of the GnRH cells in the hypothalamus which control release of FSH and LH
- Low FSH LH and testosterone
- Anosmia
How is Kallman’s syndrome treated?
- Monthly testosterone injections
- GnRH can be given to cause fertlity and enlarge testes
