Infections and immunity Flashcards
Which vaccines are given at 8 weeks old?
6-in-1 vaccine (DTaP, IPV, Hib, Hep B), Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine, Men B vaccine, Rotavirus vaccine.
Which vaccines are given at 12 weeks old?
6-in-1 vaccine, rotavirus
Which vaccines are given at 16 weeks old?
6-in-1 vaccine, pneumococcal conjugated vaccine, Men B vaccine.
Which vaccines are given at 1 year old?
Hib/Men C vaccine, Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine, MMR vaccine, Men B.
Which vaccines are given at 3 years 4 months old?
DTaP/IPV vaccine, MMR vaccine
Which vaccine is given to girls aged 12 or 13?
HPV vaccine
Which vaccines are given at 14 years old?
Tetanus/Diphtheria/Polio vaccine, Men ACWY vaccine
Which vaccine has the strongest (still very rare) association with febrile convulsions?
MMR - live vaccine
What are the most common causative organisms of bacterial meningitis in neonates?
Group B streptococcus
Listeria
E.coli
What are the most common causative organisms of bacterial meningitis in children above 3 months?
Neisseria meningitides
Strep. pneumoniae
(Haemophilus influenza type B)
Besides antibiotics, what can be given to help prevent complications associated with meningitis, e.g. deafness?
Dexamethasone to reduce inflammation
Which antibiotic should be given to household contacts as prophylaxis for meningitis?
Rifampicin
or ciprofloxacin
Where is the rash of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura commonly seen?
Buttocks and back of legs
Is the MMR vaccine safe to give to children with HIV?
Yes, as long as the HIV isn’t too severe.
Which antibiotics should a baby who develops neonatal septicaemia in the first 48 hours of life be given?
Benzylpenicillin and gentamicin.
If meningococcal septicaemia: cefotaxime and amoxicillin
Which antibiotics should a baby who develops neonatal septicaemia after the first 48 hours of life be given?
A 3rd generation cephalosporin e.g. cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
Which organism causes chicken pox?
Varicella Zoster Virus (a type of Herpes zoster virus)
Which patient group should get active treatment for chicken pox and what should they get?
Immunocompromised kids: IV aciclovir then oral aciclovir if no organ dissemination.
Adolescents and adults: consider valaciclovir due to increased severity
Immunocompromised kids with deficient T cell function: Human Varicella Zoster Immunoglobulin (VZIG)
Pregnant women: if not immune to varicella, give VZIG as soon as possible.(effective up to 10 days post exposure)
Oral aciclovir should be given if pregnant women with chickenpox present within 24 hours of onset of the rash
What’s the difference between food allergy and food intolerance?
In true food allergy, there is an abnormal IgE mediated response to the food.
In food tolerance, adverse reactions are not immunologically mediated.
What test is used to test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr Virus?
Monospot test
Which antibiotic must not be used in sore throat infections due to the risk of a maculopapular rash eruption if the sore throat is due to infection with EBV?
Amoxicillin
What important advice should be offered to patients infected with EBV?
Avoid contact sports for 1 month if splenomegaly present.
Avoid alcohol.
What is the most important complication of Kawasaki’s disease?
Coronary artery aneurysm
Affects ~1/3 within first 6 weeks of illness
What is needed for the clinical diagnosis of Kawasaki’s disease?
> = 5 days of fever and 4 of: non-purulent bilateral conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, macular erythematous rash, dry/cracked lips or red tongue, extremities changes (erythema/oedema/desquamation).
