Infections Flashcards
Pathogenicity/virulence
Pathogenicity- the ability to cause disease
Virulence- the severity of the disease
Acute infection
Sudden and usually short term
Probably not severe. Man up mofo
Chronic infection
Develops slowly and is long lasting or recurrent
Like a really evil baby
Latent infection
Jack in the box mothafuckers that appear a long time after initial infection
Healthcare associated infection
Due to treatment in healthcare settings where Dr. Prakesh fucks up and sneezes on you
Opportunistic
Caused by organisms that don’t usually infect healthy hosts
ie. lil’ snakey bacteria
Primary infection
Initial infection in a patient
Secondary infection
Infections following a primary infection
This probably didn’t need its own card -_-
Septicaemia
Life threatening condition caused by the multiplication of pathogenic organisms in the blood
Oooooooh you’re fucked buddy!
Toxaemia
Conditions due to toxins in the blood
Like that time you ate tide pods! ‘cept this time it wasn’t your stupid ass fucking up
Upper respiratory tract infections (URT’s)
Pharyngitis and tonsilitis
- Viral
- Streptococcus pyogenes
Symptoms: Inflamed tonsils, swallowing difficulties, fever and headaches
Treat with oral penicillin
Someone is likely to joke about deepthroating :’(
Acute otitis media (ear infection)
Viral
- Streptococcus pnuemoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
Symptoms: ear pain, hearing loss, fever, vomiting etc
Your mom is going to blame it on loud music
Conjunctivitis
Bacterial, viral, allergic, STI associated
- Staphylococcus, streptococcus and haemophilus sp
- STI associated: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (newborns) or chlamydia trachomatis
Symptoms: Red eyes,more tears, discharge, burning itchy eyes, blurred vision etc
treatment: Topical chloramphenicol
Your will now blame it on video games or your recent shitty break up
LRT infection: Acute bronchitis
95% viral
-Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, fever and chest pains
Complications: secondary bacterial infection of streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae
LRT infection: Chronic bronchitis
Usually due to smoking or irritants
Associated with COPD
Results in inflammation of airways
Symptoms: Persistant coughs, excessive mucous secretion
You’ll feel eternally shit.
LRT infection: Pneumonia
Infection of lungs
S. Pneumoniae
H. Influenzae
S. Aureus
Symptoms: Fever, cough, shortness of breath, pain on breathing
More common in the elderly
LRT: Tubercolosis
Caused by the one and only… MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Symptoms: Persistent productive cough, blood in sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath, weight loss, night fever, fatigue
Diagnosed through x ray, med history, sputum smears
UTI Ascending: lower
E. coli
eg. Cystitis
Symptoms: Cloudy urine, difficulty passing urine, asymptomatic in elderly or those with catherters
Acending UTI: Upper
Pyelonephritis eg. E. Coli
Symptoms: fewer of them, fever and haematuria
STI’s
Fungal: candida albicans
Viral: HPV
Bacterial: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neissseria gonnorhoeae, treponema pallidum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Symptoms
- Women: discharge, pelivic pain, PID and infertility
- Men: discharge, inflammation of epididymus, prostate, urethra and infertility
Newborns can get conjunctivitis and/or pneumonia
Can be diagnosed from urine or swabs
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Symptoms
Women: discharge, pelvic pain, PID, infertility
Men: The same fucking thing as chlamydia ffs
Can cause conjunctivitis in babies leading to blindness
Diagnose: Swab cervix/urethra, test for disease specific antibodies
Dental infections
Caries- Strep. Mutans
Peridontal disease- Bacteroides, Actinomyces
Oppurtunistic infections of the mouth:
Oral thrush
Candida albicans
GI tract infections: E.coli
Causes diarrhoea generally. Can be severe
Its toxins also damage intestinal lining
GI tract infections: Salmonella enterica
Causes self limiting diarrhoea for the most part and comes from poultry, eggs and unprocessed milk. Can be treated with rehydration and anitbiotics
Typhoid fever can also occur if ingested from contaminated water. Causes fever and malaise. Can only be treated with antibiotics
GI tract infections: Campylobacter jejuni
Comes from water, poultry, milk
Causes self limiting diarrhoea. treated with rehydration or antibiotics if severe
GI tract infections: Shigellosis (bacterial dysentry)
Most often caused by Shigella sonnei
Causes watery diarrhoea with pus and blood and severe cramps
Can be treated with rehydration and/or antibiotics
Bacterium toxins most commonly causing food poisoning
Campylobacter jejuni (77%)
Salmonella (21%)
E.coli (1.4%)
Antibiotic associated diarrhoea
Tetracycline caused: S.aureus and C.albicans
Clindamycin caused: C.difficile
CNS infection: Bacterial meningitis
Most commonly caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Can also be caused by S. Pneumoniae and H.influenza
Symptoms: fever, sore throat, severe headache, drowsiness, stiff neck, photophobia, rash
treatment: Benzylpenicillin, cefuroxime
Skin infections
Oppurtunistic infections by S.Aureus
Boils and follicilitis by S.aureus
Impetigo: S.aureus and Strep. pyogenes
Dermis infection: Erysipelas
S. pyogenes
treatment: antibiotics (IV if severe)
Dermis infection: Cellulitis
S. pyogenes and S.aureus
treatment: antibiotics (IV if severe)
Gangrene
Dry: impaired blood supply, no infection
Wet: impaired blood supply and infection
S.aureus, S.Pyogenes
Gas: Deadly bacterial infection
Clostridium perfringens
Treatment: Surgery and/or antibiotics
Bone infections
Caused by S.aureus
Osteomyelitis: Pain, fever, pus in blood vessels in bone. dead areas
septic arthritis: Follows on from infections (cellulitis). Requires surgery
Treatment: 4-6 weeks of antibiotics, removal of inceted tissue and drainage of joints
Endocraditis
Biofilm formation in the inner layer of the heart
Caused by Streptococci, Staphylococci and Enterococci
Symptoms: Heart murmur, diagnosed by ECG, blood cultures usually -ve
Treatment: Vancomycin, aminoglycoside
Septicaemia (sepsis)
Severe bacterial infection in blood
Can progress to septic shock- 50% mortality
Symptoms: Fever, high breathing/heart rate, erythrematous rash
Treatment: Long term antibiotic treament
Toxaemia
Caused by toxins in blood
S.aureus
Symptoms: high temp, rash, desquamation of skin, multi organ failure
Can be acquired from putting tampons in but is rare
MIC
minimum inhibitory concentration
- Prepare doubling dilutions of test agent
- Inoculate with test organism
- Incubate at 37 celsius overnight
- Score for growth
- MIC is lowest concentration without growth
