Infections

Question 1

Pathogenicity/virulence

Answer 1

Pathogenicity- the ability to cause disease

Virulence- the severity of the disease

Question 2

Acute infection

Answer 2

Sudden and usually short term

Probably not severe. Man up mofo

Question 3

Chronic infection

Answer 3

Develops slowly and is long lasting or recurrent

Like a really evil baby

Question 4

Latent infection

Answer 4

Jack in the box mothafuckers that appear a long time after initial infection

Question 5

Healthcare associated infection

Answer 5

Due to treatment in healthcare settings where Dr. Prakesh fucks up and sneezes on you

Question 6

Opportunistic

Answer 6

Caused by organisms that don’t usually infect healthy hosts

ie. lil’ snakey bacteria

Question 7

Primary infection

Answer 7

Initial infection in a patient

Question 8

Secondary infection

Answer 8

Infections following a primary infection

This probably didn’t need its own card -_-

Question 9

Septicaemia

Answer 9

Life threatening condition caused by the multiplication of pathogenic organisms in the blood

Oooooooh you’re fucked buddy!

Question 10

Toxaemia

Answer 10

Conditions due to toxins in the blood

Like that time you ate tide pods! ‘cept this time it wasn’t your stupid ass fucking up

Question 11

Upper respiratory tract infections (URT’s)

Pharyngitis and tonsilitis

Answer 11

• Viral
• Streptococcus pyogenes

Symptoms: Inflamed tonsils, swallowing difficulties, fever and headaches

Treat with oral penicillin

Someone is likely to joke about deepthroating :’(

Question 12

Acute otitis media (ear infection)

Answer 12

Viral

• Streptococcus pnuemoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae

Symptoms: ear pain, hearing loss, fever, vomiting etc

Your mom is going to blame it on loud music

Question 13

Conjunctivitis

Answer 13

Bacterial, viral, allergic, STI associated

• Staphylococcus, streptococcus and haemophilus sp
• STI associated: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (newborns) or chlamydia trachomatis

Symptoms: Red eyes,more tears, discharge, burning itchy eyes, blurred vision etc

treatment: Topical chloramphenicol

Your will now blame it on video games or your recent shitty break up

Question 14

LRT infection: Acute bronchitis

Answer 14

95% viral
-Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, fever and chest pains

Complications: secondary bacterial infection of streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae

Question 15

LRT infection: Chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

Usually due to smoking or irritants
Associated with COPD
Results in inflammation of airways

Symptoms: Persistant coughs, excessive mucous secretion
You’ll feel eternally shit.

Question 16

LRT infection: Pneumonia

Answer 16

Infection of lungs

S. Pneumoniae
H. Influenzae
S. Aureus

Symptoms: Fever, cough, shortness of breath, pain on breathing

More common in the elderly

Question 17

LRT: Tubercolosis

Answer 17

Caused by the one and only… MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Symptoms: Persistent productive cough, blood in sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath, weight loss, night fever, fatigue

Diagnosed through x ray, med history, sputum smears

Question 18

UTI Ascending: lower

Answer 18

E. coli
eg. Cystitis
Symptoms: Cloudy urine, difficulty passing urine, asymptomatic in elderly or those with catherters

Question 19

Acending UTI: Upper

Answer 19

Pyelonephritis eg. E. Coli

Symptoms: fewer of them, fever and haematuria

Question 20

STI’s

Answer 20

Fungal: candida albicans
Viral: HPV
Bacterial: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neissseria gonnorhoeae, treponema pallidum

Question 21

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 21

Symptoms

• Women: discharge, pelivic pain, PID and infertility
• Men: discharge, inflammation of epididymus, prostate, urethra and infertility

Newborns can get conjunctivitis and/or pneumonia

Can be diagnosed from urine or swabs

Question 22

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Answer 22

Symptoms
Women: discharge, pelvic pain, PID, infertility
Men: The same fucking thing as chlamydia ffs

Can cause conjunctivitis in babies leading to blindness

Diagnose: Swab cervix/urethra, test for disease specific antibodies

Question 23

Dental infections

Answer 23

Caries- Strep. Mutans

Peridontal disease- Bacteroides, Actinomyces

Question 24

Oppurtunistic infections of the mouth:

Oral thrush

Answer 24

Candida albicans

Question 25

GI tract infections: E.coli

Answer 25

Causes diarrhoea generally. Can be severe Its toxins also damage intestinal lining

Question 26

GI tract infections: Salmonella enterica

Answer 26

Causes self limiting diarrhoea for the most part and comes from poultry, eggs and unprocessed milk. Can be treated with rehydration and anitbiotics Typhoid fever can also occur if ingested from contaminated water. Causes fever and malaise. Can only be treated with antibiotics

Question 27

GI tract infections: Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 27

Comes from water, poultry, milk Causes self limiting diarrhoea. treated with rehydration or antibiotics if severe

Question 28

GI tract infections: Shigellosis (bacterial dysentry)

Answer 28

Most often caused by Shigella sonnei Causes watery diarrhoea with pus and blood and severe cramps Can be treated with rehydration and/or antibiotics

Question 29

Bacterium toxins most commonly causing food poisoning

Answer 29

Campylobacter jejuni (77%) Salmonella (21%) E.coli (1.4%)

Question 30

Antibiotic associated diarrhoea

Answer 30

Tetracycline caused: S.aureus and C.albicans | Clindamycin caused: C.difficile

Question 31

CNS infection: Bacterial meningitis

Answer 31

Most commonly caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Can also be caused by S. Pneumoniae and H.influenza Symptoms: fever, sore throat, severe headache, drowsiness, stiff neck, photophobia, rash treatment: Benzylpenicillin, cefuroxime

Question 32

Skin infections

Answer 32

Oppurtunistic infections by S.Aureus Boils and follicilitis by S.aureus Impetigo: S.aureus and Strep. pyogenes

Question 33

Dermis infection: Erysipelas

Answer 33

S. pyogenes treatment: antibiotics (IV if severe)

Question 34

Dermis infection: Cellulitis

Answer 34

S. pyogenes and S.aureus treatment: antibiotics (IV if severe)

Question 35

Gangrene

Answer 35

Dry: impaired blood supply, no infection Wet: impaired blood supply and infection S.aureus, S.Pyogenes Gas: Deadly bacterial infection Clostridium perfringens Treatment: Surgery and/or antibiotics

Question 36

Bone infections

Answer 36

Caused by S.aureus Osteomyelitis: Pain, fever, pus in blood vessels in bone. dead areas septic arthritis: Follows on from infections (cellulitis). Requires surgery Treatment: 4-6 weeks of antibiotics, removal of inceted tissue and drainage of joints

Question 37

Endocraditis

Answer 37

Biofilm formation in the inner layer of the heart Caused by Streptococci, Staphylococci and Enterococci Symptoms: Heart murmur, diagnosed by ECG, blood cultures usually -ve Treatment: Vancomycin, aminoglycoside

Question 38

Septicaemia (sepsis)

Answer 38

Severe bacterial infection in blood Can progress to septic shock- 50% mortality Symptoms: Fever, high breathing/heart rate, erythrematous rash Treatment: Long term antibiotic treament

Question 39

Toxaemia

Answer 39

Caused by toxins in blood S.aureus Symptoms: high temp, rash, desquamation of skin, multi organ failure Can be acquired from putting tampons in but is rare

Question 40

MIC

Answer 40

minimum inhibitory concentration 1. Prepare doubling dilutions of test agent 2. Inoculate with test organism 3. Incubate at 37 celsius overnight 4. Score for growth 5. MIC is lowest concentration without growth