Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PA20319- Immunity, Infection and inflammation > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenicity/virulence

A

Pathogenicity- the ability to cause disease

Virulence- the severity of the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute infection

A

Sudden and usually short term

Probably not severe. Man up mofo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chronic infection

A

Develops slowly and is long lasting or recurrent

Like a really evil baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Latent infection

A

Jack in the box mothafuckers that appear a long time after initial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Healthcare associated infection

A

Due to treatment in healthcare settings where Dr. Prakesh fucks up and sneezes on you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Opportunistic

A

Caused by organisms that don’t usually infect healthy hosts

ie. lil’ snakey bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary infection

A

Initial infection in a patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secondary infection

A

Infections following a primary infection

This probably didn’t need its own card -_-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Septicaemia

A

Life threatening condition caused by the multiplication of pathogenic organisms in the blood

Oooooooh you’re fucked buddy!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Toxaemia

A

Conditions due to toxins in the blood

Like that time you ate tide pods! ‘cept this time it wasn’t your stupid ass fucking up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Upper respiratory tract infections (URT’s)

Pharyngitis and tonsilitis

A
  • Viral
  • Streptococcus pyogenes

Symptoms: Inflamed tonsils, swallowing difficulties, fever and headaches

Treat with oral penicillin

Someone is likely to joke about deepthroating :’(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute otitis media (ear infection)

A

Viral

  • Streptococcus pnuemoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae

Symptoms: ear pain, hearing loss, fever, vomiting etc

Your mom is going to blame it on loud music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial, viral, allergic, STI associated

  • Staphylococcus, streptococcus and haemophilus sp
  • STI associated: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (newborns) or chlamydia trachomatis

Symptoms: Red eyes,more tears, discharge, burning itchy eyes, blurred vision etc

treatment: Topical chloramphenicol

Your will now blame it on video games or your recent shitty break up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LRT infection: Acute bronchitis

A

95% viral
-Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, fever and chest pains

Complications: secondary bacterial infection of streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

LRT infection: Chronic bronchitis

A

Usually due to smoking or irritants
Associated with COPD
Results in inflammation of airways

Symptoms: Persistant coughs, excessive mucous secretion
You’ll feel eternally shit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LRT infection: Pneumonia

A

Infection of lungs

S. Pneumoniae
H. Influenzae
S. Aureus

Symptoms: Fever, cough, shortness of breath, pain on breathing

More common in the elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LRT: Tubercolosis

A

Caused by the one and only… MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Symptoms: Persistent productive cough, blood in sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath, weight loss, night fever, fatigue

Diagnosed through x ray, med history, sputum smears

18
Q

UTI Ascending: lower

A

E. coli
eg. Cystitis
Symptoms: Cloudy urine, difficulty passing urine, asymptomatic in elderly or those with catherters

19
Q

Acending UTI: Upper

A

Pyelonephritis eg. E. Coli

Symptoms: fewer of them, fever and haematuria

20
Q

STI’s

A

Fungal: candida albicans
Viral: HPV
Bacterial: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neissseria gonnorhoeae, treponema pallidum

21
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Symptoms

  • Women: discharge, pelivic pain, PID and infertility
  • Men: discharge, inflammation of epididymus, prostate, urethra and infertility

Newborns can get conjunctivitis and/or pneumonia

Can be diagnosed from urine or swabs

22
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

A

Symptoms
Women: discharge, pelvic pain, PID, infertility
Men: The same fucking thing as chlamydia ffs

Can cause conjunctivitis in babies leading to blindness

Diagnose: Swab cervix/urethra, test for disease specific antibodies

23
Q

Dental infections

A

Caries- Strep. Mutans

Peridontal disease- Bacteroides, Actinomyces

24
Q

Oppurtunistic infections of the mouth:

Oral thrush

A

Candida albicans

25
Q

GI tract infections: E.coli

A

Causes diarrhoea generally. Can be severe

Its toxins also damage intestinal lining

26
Q

GI tract infections: Salmonella enterica

A

Causes self limiting diarrhoea for the most part and comes from poultry, eggs and unprocessed milk. Can be treated with rehydration and anitbiotics

Typhoid fever can also occur if ingested from contaminated water. Causes fever and malaise. Can only be treated with antibiotics

27
Q

GI tract infections: Campylobacter jejuni

A

Comes from water, poultry, milk

Causes self limiting diarrhoea. treated with rehydration or antibiotics if severe

28
Q

GI tract infections: Shigellosis (bacterial dysentry)

A

Most often caused by Shigella sonnei

Causes watery diarrhoea with pus and blood and severe cramps

Can be treated with rehydration and/or antibiotics

29
Q

Bacterium toxins most commonly causing food poisoning

A

Campylobacter jejuni (77%)
Salmonella (21%)
E.coli (1.4%)

30
Q

Antibiotic associated diarrhoea

A

Tetracycline caused: S.aureus and C.albicans

Clindamycin caused: C.difficile

31
Q

CNS infection: Bacterial meningitis

A

Most commonly caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Can also be caused by S. Pneumoniae and H.influenza

Symptoms: fever, sore throat, severe headache, drowsiness, stiff neck, photophobia, rash

treatment: Benzylpenicillin, cefuroxime

32
Q

Skin infections

A

Oppurtunistic infections by S.Aureus

Boils and follicilitis by S.aureus
Impetigo: S.aureus and Strep. pyogenes

33
Q

Dermis infection: Erysipelas

A

S. pyogenes

treatment: antibiotics (IV if severe)

34
Q

Dermis infection: Cellulitis

A

S. pyogenes and S.aureus

treatment: antibiotics (IV if severe)

35
Q

Gangrene

A

Dry: impaired blood supply, no infection

Wet: impaired blood supply and infection
S.aureus, S.Pyogenes

Gas: Deadly bacterial infection
Clostridium perfringens

Treatment: Surgery and/or antibiotics

36
Q

Bone infections

A

Caused by S.aureus

Osteomyelitis: Pain, fever, pus in blood vessels in bone. dead areas

septic arthritis: Follows on from infections (cellulitis). Requires surgery

Treatment: 4-6 weeks of antibiotics, removal of inceted tissue and drainage of joints

37
Q

Endocraditis

A

Biofilm formation in the inner layer of the heart

Caused by Streptococci, Staphylococci and Enterococci

Symptoms: Heart murmur, diagnosed by ECG, blood cultures usually -ve

Treatment: Vancomycin, aminoglycoside

38
Q

Septicaemia (sepsis)

A

Severe bacterial infection in blood

Can progress to septic shock- 50% mortality

Symptoms: Fever, high breathing/heart rate, erythrematous rash

Treatment: Long term antibiotic treament

39
Q

Toxaemia

A

Caused by toxins in blood
S.aureus

Symptoms: high temp, rash, desquamation of skin, multi organ failure

Can be acquired from putting tampons in but is rare

40
Q

MIC

A

minimum inhibitory concentration

  1. Prepare doubling dilutions of test agent
  2. Inoculate with test organism
  3. Incubate at 37 celsius overnight
  4. Score for growth
  5. MIC is lowest concentration without growth

PA20319- Immunity, Infection and inflammation (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions