Contaminants Flashcards
Airborne
Bacillus, clostridium, staph, strep, penicillium
reduce with: filteration,uv light, chemicals
Water
98% g-ve
Pseudemonas/ e.coli
g+ve Bacillus
Reducing contam in water
maintain at 80 degrees C high pressure less piping sterilization system appropriate plumbing
treating water
hypochlorite/chlorination
22micrometre filter
UV light
Packaging
bacillus, pseudemonas
Equipment/buildings
Pseudemones aeroginosa
clean properly
good design
Bacillus,clostridium
use clean room
reduce dust
good design
Personnel
Reduce via
training
clothing
hygiene
Clean room
Filtered and re circulated air
+ve pressure
temp and humidity controlled
Sterile
free from all viable forms of life
SAL and PNSU
sterility assurance level
probability of a non sterile unit
Acceptable sterility
Min PNSU of 1in 10^6
Longer sterisation is:
too time consuming/expensive
degrades drug
Autoclaving
Ideal is 121 degrees celsius for 15min
with dry heat is 160 degrees for 120min
Survivor curves not always linear
Sometimes cells clump cells can repair and must be hit x2 Can be different types of cells present Protective lysis changes pH of solution spores produced
D value
time taken to reduce cell count by 10 fold
Z value
temp needed to reduce d value 10 fold
autoclaving
Must used dry saturation steam
>100degrees
15PSIG
Organisms killed by heat, temp and time
Must be under pressure to achieve high temp
Hydration gives more rapid heat transfer
condensation of dry saturated steam creates vacuum drawing in more heat
Bench autoclave
Does not over heat as there is water in vessel
therefore if temp^ then pressure^ keeping it on the dry saturated boundary