Contaminants

Question 1

Airborne

Answer 1

Bacillus, clostridium, staph, strep, penicillium

reduce with: filteration,uv light, chemicals

Question 2

Water

Answer 2

98% g-ve
Pseudemonas/ e.coli
g+ve Bacillus

Question 3

Reducing contam in water

Answer 3

maintain at 80 degrees C
high pressure
less piping
sterilization system
appropriate plumbing

Question 4

treating water

Answer 4

hypochlorite/chlorination
22micrometre filter
UV light

Question 5

Packaging

Answer 5

bacillus, pseudemonas

Question 6

Equipment/buildings

Answer 6

Pseudemones aeroginosa
clean properly
good design

Bacillus,clostridium
use clean room
reduce dust
good design

Question 7

Personnel

Answer 7

Reduce via
training
clothing
hygiene

Question 8

Clean room

Answer 8

Filtered and re circulated air
+ve pressure
temp and humidity controlled

Question 9

Sterile

Answer 9

free from all viable forms of life

Question 10

SAL and PNSU

Answer 10

sterility assurance level

probability of a non sterile unit

Question 11

Acceptable sterility

Answer 11

Min PNSU of 1in 10^6

Longer sterisation is:
too time consuming/expensive
degrades drug

Question 12

Autoclaving

Answer 12

Ideal is 121 degrees celsius for 15min

with dry heat is 160 degrees for 120min

Question 13

Survivor curves not always linear

Answer 13

Sometimes cells clump
cells can repair and must be hit x2
Can be different types of cells present
Protective lysis changes pH of solution
spores produced

Question 14

D value

Answer 14

time taken to reduce cell count by 10 fold

Question 15

Z value

Answer 15

temp needed to reduce d value 10 fold

Question 16

autoclaving

Answer 16

Must used dry saturation steam
>100degrees
15PSIG
Organisms killed by heat, temp and time
Must be under pressure to achieve high temp
Hydration gives more rapid heat transfer
condensation of dry saturated steam creates vacuum drawing in more heat

Question 17

Bench autoclave

Answer 17

Does not over heat as there is water in vessel

therefore if temp^ then pressure^ keeping it on the dry saturated boundary