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PA20309 > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What bacteria is responsible for the majority of GIT infections in the UK?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Causes self-limiting diarrhoea

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2
Q

For which type of fungal infections is Voriconazole used?

A

When in the CNS –> due to the drugs ability to permeate the CNS

Can cause visual disturbances

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3
Q

What is oral thrush caused by?

A

Candida albicans

Treated with anti-fungals

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4
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Infection of the heart valves as a biofilm

Normally diagnosed by an electrocardiograph

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5
Q

What is TSST?

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

This is caused by S.aureus

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6
Q

Was are the made drug-drug interactions that occur with triazoles?

A

CYP450 interactions

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7
Q

What is Griseofulvin?

A

An anti-fungal effective against dermatophytes

Narrow therapeutic range

Pregnancy must be avoided, and also in pregnant women

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8
Q

What are Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis and Conjunctivitis?

A

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis - Oral Penicillin

Conjunctivitis - Topical Chloramphenical

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9
Q

Define Virulence

A

The scale of the intensity of a disease

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10
Q

What are the 3 different types of gangrene?

A

Dry - Impaired blood supply without infection

Wet - Impaired blood supply with a bacterial infection (S.auerus/S.pyogenes)

Gas - A deadly bacterial infection caused by clodistridium perfingens

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11
Q

Who are the most likely to suffer with severe fungal infections?

A

Immunocompromised patients

People with central IV catheters

Those on long courses of corticosteroids

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12
Q

Define the following words….

Mycosis

Disseminated

Fungaemia

A

Mycosis - A fungal infection

Disseminated - When the infection has spread from the initial location

Fungaemia - When a fungus is found in the blood

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13
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary infections?

A

Primary - The initial infection within a patient (eg, a UTI)

Secondary - Infections that follow a primary infection (eg, septicaemia)

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14
Q

What is typhoid fever?

A

Systemic infection of Salmonella enterica

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15
Q

What drugs are usually used as first line treatments over amphoterocin B?

A

Lipid formulation amphoterocin

Ambisome and Abelcet

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16
Q

What are 4 different types of infection that can occur due to E.coli?

A

Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) - This is the most common, with bloody diarrhoea caused by toxins damaging the intestine

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) - Known as travellers diarrhoea

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) - Causes severe and persistant diarrhoea –> produces no toxins

Enteroinvasive (EIEC) - E.coli invades the intestinal walls, killing the cells –> resulting in blood diarrhoea (mainly in areas of poor hygiene)

17
Q

What are the 3 stages of diagnostic certainty when dealing with fungi?

A

Possible

Probable –> clincial and mycological evidence (eg, AIDS and a +ve sputum sample)

Proven –> fungal cause grown

18
Q

What is Amphoterocin?

A

Binds to ergosterol in fungi membrane –> increasing permeability

It is amphoteric!!

Broad spectrum

High toxicity, so monitoring needed

19
Q

Name 2 types of fungi that cause pulmonary infections, most commonly in HIV/AIDS patients

A

Cryptococcus

Histoplasma

20
Q

How are upper urinary tract infections usually caused?

A

Normally from E.coli moving up from the lower urinary tract

21
Q

What is the difference between Aspergillosis and Aspergilloma?

A

Aspergillosis - Infection of Aspergillus, usually in the lungs

ABPA - Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

Aspergilloma - A growth of a fungal ball in a pre-exisiting cavity

This is saprophytic (feeds on dead/decaying matter) so usually follows a previous infection like TB

22
Q

What is Flucytosine?

A

A nucleoside analogue (pyrimidine)

Can be very toxic, so plasma levels need to be taken

Resistance is a problem if only used on its own

PA20309 (6 decks)

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