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PM3A - Infections > Infections 6 > Flashcards

Infections 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the main anti-fungal drugs (6)

A 
Polyenes
Azoles
Allylamines
Echinocandins
Flucytosine
Griseofulrin
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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of polyenes?

A

Polyenes bind to ergosterol forming pores in the cell membrane, leading to cell lysis

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of azoles?

A

Azoles inhibit lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase resulting in no ergosterol synthesis

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of allylamines?

A

Allylamines inhibit squalene epoxidase resulting in no lanosterol synthesis and ergosterol production

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of echinocandins?

A

Echinocandins inhibit the production of beta-1,3-glucan

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of flurocytosines?

A

Fluropyrimidine converts to 5-FU disrupting RNA/DNA synthesis

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of griseofulvins?

A

Griseofulvins bind to polymerised microtubules preventing the mitosis of fungal cells

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8
Q

How is candidiasis transmitted?

A

It is part of the commensal population of the skin

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of candidiasis?

A

Creamy curd like plaques on mucosal surface, pain and itching

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10
Q

What is the treatment for candidiasis?

A

Azoles e.g. Clotrimazole

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11
Q

How is aspergillosis transmitted?

A

By the inhalation of fungus

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of aspergillosis?

A

Wheezing, coughing, breathlessness

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13
Q

What is the treatment for aspergillosis?

A

Azoles e.g. Voriconazole

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14
Q

How is dermatophytosis transmitted?

A

Direct contact with the host organism

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of dermatophytosis?

A

Red scaly patches, itchy skin

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16
Q

What is the treatment for dematophytosis?

A

Head/scalp - Griseofulvin

Other (skin/nail) - Azoles e.g. clotrimazole, econazole

17
Q

How is pityriasis versicolor transmitted?

A

Contact

18
Q

What are the symptoms of pityriasis versicolor?

A

Brown, scaly patches on the skin

19
Q

What is the treatment for pityriasis versicolor?

A

Topical azole e.g. Ketoconazole

20
Q

How is histoplasmosis transmitted?

A

Inhalation of spores

21
Q

What are the symptoms of histoplasmosis?

A

Cough or flu like symptoms

22
Q

What is the treatment for histoplasmosis?

A

Oral azole e.g. Itraconazole

IV amphotericin B if severe

23
Q

How is a cryptococcal infection transmitted?

A

Inhalation

24
Q

What are the symptoms of a cryptococcal infection?

A 
Fever
Fatigue
Dry Cough
Headache 
Nausea
25
Q

What is the treatment for a cryptococcal infection?

A

Amphotericin B

26
Q

Name the FOUR mechanisms of anti-fungal resistance

A

Altered drug metabolism
Efflux pumps
Change in the protein target
Prevetnion of drug entry

PM3A - Infections (7 decks)

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