Infections Flashcards
Most common presenting features of malaria
- Fever
- Malaise
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
Stain for acid-fast bacilli
Ziehl-Nielson
Paul-Bunnell test
Infectious mononucleosis
Drug used in treatment of falciparum malaria
Quinine (oral or IV)
Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Epidemics every 3 to 4 years
- Headache, arthralgia, myalgia
- Patchy consolidation on CXR, clinical features may not correlate with x-ray findings
Typhoid is caused by which bacteria?
Salmonella typhi
Key symptoms of typhoid:
- Gradual onset fever, headache, malaise and constipation or diarrhoea
- May develop a maculopapular rash over the trunk –> “rose spots”
Most common cause of travellers’ diarrhoea
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Virus responsible for outbreaks of childhood diarrhoea
Rotavirus
Major infective causes of bloody diarrhoea
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Campylobacter
- E. coli
Treatment shown to reduce hearing loss and other neurological sequelae in patients with bacterial meningitis
Corticosteroids (e.g. dexamethasone)
Coagulase-positive Staphylococci
Staphylococcus aureus (however some strains may be atypical and not produce coagulase)
Coagulase is an enzyme that facilitates the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, causing blood to clot
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci
- Frequent constituent of normal skin flora
- Can cause infection, especially in patients with prosthetic devices or intravascular catheters
Gram-positive bacterial species that causes listeriosis
Listeria monocytogenes
Infection associated with a “strawberry cervix”
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomoniasis
- STI caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis
- Common cause of vaginitis
- “Strawberry cervix”
- Treat with metronidazole
Lymphogranuloma venereum
- STI, common in patients infected with HIV
- Infection of the lymphatics/lymph nodes by Chlamydia trachomatis
Uncomplicated shingles treatment
Oral acyclovir
Treatment of infection with HSV type 1 or 2
Oral acyclovir (if immunocompromised use high-dose IV acyclovir)
Dysuria with lots of yellow-coloured penile discharge
Gonorrhoea
Painless hard ulcer on penis
Chancre of primary syphilis
Causative organism in syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Treatment of primary syphilis
Procaine penicillin
Chancroid
- STI characterised by the formation of soft, painful genital ulcers
- Caused by Haemophilus ducreyi
