Antibiotics Flashcards
Three classes of beta-lactam antibiotic…
1) Penicillins
2) Cephalosporins
3) Carbapenems
Beta-lactams are:
BACTERIOCIDAL or BACTERIOSTATIC?
BACTERIOCIDAL
Major bacterial group targeted by penicillin…
Gram-positive bacteria
Antibiotic closely related to penicillin capable of targeting Pseudomonas…
Piperacillin
Co-amoxiclav (Augmentin)
Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (a betalactamase inhibitor)
Tazocin
Piperacillin plus tazobactam (a betalactamase inhibitor)
Antibiotic often used in conjunction with metronidazole…
Cefuroxime
Cef –> covers Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, some Gram-negatives (e.g. E. coli) but NOT Pseudomonas and poor against anaerobes
Met –> provides anaerobic cover
First-line empiric treatment of meningococcal meningitis in hospital…
Cefotaxime
Cephalosporin capable of targeting Pseudomonas (but with no Gram-positive activity)…
Ceftazidime
Three carbapenems…
- Meropenem
- Imipenem
- Ertapenem
Glycopeptides are only active against Gram-_________ bacteria
Gram-positive (cannot penetrate outer membrane of Gram-negatives)
Two examples of glycopeptide antibiotics…
- Vancomycin
- Teicoplanin
Five major groups of protein synthesis inhibitors…
1) Aminoglycosides
2) Tetracyclines
3) Macrolides
4) Chloramphenicol
5) Oxazolidinones
Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, target the ___ ribosomal subunit and are BACTERIO______
30S
BACTERIOCIDAL
Tetracyclines, such as __________ and _________ target the ___ ribosomal subunit and are BACTERIO_________
Tetracycline and doxycycline
30S
BACTERIOSTATIC
Macrolides are BACTERIO_________ and target the ___ ribosomal subunit
BACTERIOSTATIC
50S
Chloramphenicol targets the ___ ribosomal subunit and is BACTERIO_________
50S
BACTERIOSTATIC
Oxazolidinones, such as __________, target the ___ component of the ___ ribosomal subunit
Linezolid
23S
50S
Two major groups of DNA synthesis inhibitors…
1) Quinolones/fluoroquinolones
2) Nitroimidazoles
Three examples of fluoroquinolones, which target bacterial DNA synthesis, include…
- Ciprofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
- Moxifloxacin
These antibiotics are BACTERIOCIDAL
Two examples of nitroimidazoles include _________ and ___________. These antibiotics are BACTERIO___________ and only work against true _________, such as Bacteroides and Clostridium.
Metronidazole and tinidazole
BACTERIOCIDAL
Anaerobes
Antibiotic which targets RNA synthesis…
Rifampicin
Two components of co-trimoxazole…
Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole
Co-trimoxazole is used to treat pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii
Two antibiotics which target folic acid metabolism…
- Trimethoprim
- Sulphamethoxazole
