Antibiotics

Question 1

Three classes of beta-lactam antibiotic…

Answer 1

1) Penicillins
2) Cephalosporins
3) Carbapenems

Question 2

Beta-lactams are:

BACTERIOCIDAL or BACTERIOSTATIC?

Answer 2

BACTERIOCIDAL

Question 3

Major bacterial group targeted by penicillin…

Answer 3

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 4

Antibiotic closely related to penicillin capable of targeting Pseudomonas…

Answer 4

Piperacillin

Question 5

Co-amoxiclav (Augmentin)

Answer 5

Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (a betalactamase inhibitor)

Question 6

Tazocin

Answer 6

Piperacillin plus tazobactam (a betalactamase inhibitor)

Question 7

Antibiotic often used in conjunction with metronidazole…

Answer 7

Cefuroxime

Cef –> covers Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, some Gram-negatives (e.g. E. coli) but NOT Pseudomonas and poor against anaerobes
Met –> provides anaerobic cover

Question 8

First-line empiric treatment of meningococcal meningitis in hospital…

Answer 8

Cefotaxime

Question 9

Cephalosporin capable of targeting Pseudomonas (but with no Gram-positive activity)…

Answer 9

Ceftazidime

Question 10

Three carbapenems…

Answer 10

• Meropenem
• Imipenem
• Ertapenem

Question 11

Glycopeptides are only active against Gram-_________ bacteria

Answer 11

Gram-positive (cannot penetrate outer membrane of Gram-negatives)

Question 12

Two examples of glycopeptide antibiotics…

Answer 12

• Vancomycin

- Teicoplanin

Question 13

Five major groups of protein synthesis inhibitors…

Answer 13

1) Aminoglycosides
2) Tetracyclines
3) Macrolides
4) Chloramphenicol
5) Oxazolidinones

Question 14

Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, target the ___ ribosomal subunit and are BACTERIO______

Answer 14

30S

BACTERIOCIDAL

Question 15

Tetracyclines, such as __________ and _________ target the ___ ribosomal subunit and are BACTERIO_________

Answer 15

Tetracycline and doxycycline
30S
BACTERIOSTATIC

Question 16

Macrolides are BACTERIO_________ and target the ___ ribosomal subunit

Answer 16

BACTERIOSTATIC

50S

Question 17

Chloramphenicol targets the ___ ribosomal subunit and is BACTERIO_________

Answer 17

50S

BACTERIOSTATIC

Question 18

Oxazolidinones, such as __________, target the ___ component of the ___ ribosomal subunit

Answer 18

Linezolid
23S
50S

Question 19

Two major groups of DNA synthesis inhibitors…

Answer 19

1) Quinolones/fluoroquinolones

2) Nitroimidazoles

Question 20

Three examples of fluoroquinolones, which target bacterial DNA synthesis, include…

Answer 20

• Ciprofloxacin
• Levofloxacin
• Moxifloxacin

These antibiotics are BACTERIOCIDAL

Question 21

Two examples of nitroimidazoles include _________ and ___________. These antibiotics are BACTERIO___________ and only work against true _________, such as Bacteroides and Clostridium.

Answer 21

Metronidazole and tinidazole
BACTERIOCIDAL
Anaerobes

Question 22

Antibiotic which targets RNA synthesis…

Answer 22

Rifampicin

Question 23

Two components of co-trimoxazole…

Answer 23

Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole

Co-trimoxazole is used to treat pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 24

Two antibiotics which target folic acid metabolism…

Answer 24

• Trimethoprim

- Sulphamethoxazole

Question 25

Two main categories of cell wall synthesis inhibitor…

Answer 25

1) Beta-lactams

2) Glycopeptides

Question 26

Treatment of C. difficile infection

Answer 26

Oral/IV metronidazole or oral vancomycin