Infections Flashcards
Primary Herpetic gingvostomatistis cause
initial infection of HSV
Primary Herpetic gingvostomatistis clinical features
grey blisters which rapidly break down to form small ulcers
- can be present anywhere on the oral mucosa
- most frequently involve gingivae
crusted blisters on circumoral skin may be present
febrile illness/fever
bilateral tender cervical lymphadenopathy frequently present
Primary Herpetic gingvostomatistis- how long does it take to resolve?
2-3 weeks
Primary Herpetic gingvostomatistis management
rest
fluid intake
analgesics
chlorhhexidine mouthwash to prevent secondary infection of oral lesions
analgesics
systemic aciclovir
- only beneficial in early stages of infection - intact vesicles
advice about cross infection risks
- avoid contact with infants under 6 months - special risk of CNS infection
Herpes labialis clinical features
crusted vesicular patches on lips, nose and circumoral skin
Herpes labialis - how do they occur?
after primary infection, HHV-1 may remain in trigeminal ganglion
may be reactivated due to local factors
- e.g. lip exposure to intense sunlight
or systemic factors
- depressed general immunity
may be recurrent in some people - especially immunocompromised patients
Herpes Labialis treatment
aciclovir applied to new sores
Herpes Zoster virus - manifestations
Chickenpox
Shingles
Shingles features
affects one or more dermatomes of the trigeminal nerve
- important cause of facial pain
rashes of grey vesicles restricted to distribution of sensory nerves are seen in oral mucosa
shingles treatment
high dose systemic aciclovir or famciclovir
coxsackieviruses are responsible for what disease?
hand, foot and mouth
herpangina
coxsackievirus oral manifestations
vesicular eruptions
Hairy Leukoplakia is caused by…
Epstein-Barr Virus
HPV oral manifestations
squamous papillomas (warts)
- may be sessile or show finger-like projections
can be excised under LA
Oral diseases linked to HIV
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Hairy Leukoplakia
Erythematous candidiasis
HIV related gingivitis
- may resemble necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
HIV related periodontitis
- manifests as unusual focal alveolar destruction
Kaposi’s sarcoma clinical features
initial mucosal lesions are flat brown spots
progress into raised plaques and then nodular plural-red lesions, most often found on palate, retromolar areas and gingivae
virus responsible for Kaposi’s sarcoma
HHV-8
Hairy Leukoplakia clinical features
warty ridged or smooth white plaques on the lateral epithelium of the tongue
Oral Hairy leukoplakia is linked to
AIDS
immunosuppression e.g. transplant
Erythematous candidiasis clinical features
frequently affects tongue and palate
white speckles on an erythematous background
What is the most common cause of fungal infection in the oral cavity
Candida albicans
candida infection treatment
myconazole
fluconazole
nystatin
