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Exam 5 > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

0
Q

Secondary lesions from Herpes Type II

A

Isolated or in groups
Small vesicles or pustules on an erythematous base
Crusts eventually form
Heal in about 1 week

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1
Q

Herpes Type II

A

Below waist usually
Occurs through: direct contact, respiratory droplets, fluid exposure from infected person
Client is asymptomatic
May be triggered by stressor

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2
Q

S&S of Herpes Type II

A 
Prodromal Phase: burning/tingling at site 
Red and swollen 
Vesicles/pustules erupt in 1-2 days 
Painful, itchy lesions
Contagious until scabs are formed
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3
Q

Complications of Herpes Type II

A

If present at vagina during childbirth, newborn may be infected with meningocephalitis or panvisceral

Herpes encephalitis (rare)

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4
Q

Western Blot can determine:

A

Antibodies for HSV-1 or HSV-2

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5
Q

Herpes Zoster: Shingles

A

Acute inflammatory infectious disorder
Painful vesicular eruption on bright red edematous plaques along nerves.
Unilateral most often

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6
Q

Cause of Shingles

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

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7
Q

Incubation period for shingles

A

7-21 days

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8
Q

S&S of Shingles

A 
Vesicles and plaques 
Irritation
Itching
Fever
Malaise
Painful lesion
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9
Q

Treatment of Shingles

A 
Aimed at controlling outbreak 
Reduce pain/discomfort 
Prevent complications 
Cold compresses or baths
Topical agents 
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressants 
Antiviral: best if within 72 hours of outbreak
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10
Q

Complications of Herpes

A 
Post-hepatic neuralgia 
Persistent dermatonal pain 
Hyperparesthesia 
Ophthalmia herpes can affect eyesight (Cranial Nerve V) 
Facial and acoustic nerve involvement 
Scarring can occur
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11
Q

Prevention of Shingles

A

Zostavax
Varivax
Avoidance during contagious phase

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12
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of brain and spinal cord

Organism enters CNS from respiratory tract or bloodstream

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13
Q

Cause of Meningitis

A

Bacterial or viral (aseptic)

Neisseria meningitis 
Streptococcus pneumonia 
Haemophilus flu type b (Hib) 
Fungal organisms
Viral agents
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14
Q

Pathological Changes of Meningitis

A 
Organism invades CNS
Meningeal inflammation 
Increased ICP
Hyperemia of Meningeal vessels 
Edema of brain tissue 
Generalized inflammatory reaction
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15
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

A 
Medical emergency (fatal within 24-48 hours) 
Spread through direct contact
16
Q

Risk factors of Bacterial Meningitis

A 
Head trauma 
Significant fall 
Skull fracture 
Otitis media 
Sinus infection if left untreated 
Neurosurgery 
Living in confined place with others
Traveler 
IV drug use
17
Q

Viral Meningitis (Aseptic Meningitis)

A 
More common 
Less severe 
Caused by numerous viruses
Presents with flu-like symptoms
Short duration (1-2 weeks)
18
Q

S&S of Viral Meningitis

A 
Onset sudden 
Fever 
Severe HA
N/V 
Nuchal rigidity 
(+) Kernig's Sign 
(+) Brudzinski's Sign 
Photophobia 
Decreased LOC 
Increased ICP signs 
Chills
Petechiae/ecchymotic rash
19
Q

S&S of viral meningitis in infants

A 
Bulging fontanel and high pitched cry 
Irritability
Encephalopathy
Lethargy
Seizures
20
Q

Complications of Viral Meningitis

A 
Cranial nerve damage
Hydrocephalus
Thrombophlebitis
Cerebral edema
Opisthotonous (involuntary arching of back from muscle contractions)
21
Q

Collaborative Care of Viral Meningitis

A

Rapid diagnosis based on PE and history
Antibiotic therapy instituted after collection of specimens
Examine fundus of eyes before lumbar puncture to identify increased ICP
Restore fluid and electrolyte balance

22
Q

NI’s for Viral Meningitis

A 
Vaccination against respiratory infections
Early treatment of respiratory infections
Careful recording of assessment 
Assist to comfortable position
Pain medications
Frequent neuro checks
Darkened room 
Cool cover for eyes
Observe for seizures 
Administer anticonvulsant 
Manage fever
Frequent assessment for dehydration 
Strict I&O's 
Isolation
23
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

Contraindicated with increased ICP
Positioned on side with head and knees flexed at acute angle (usually)
EMLA cream for kids
Needle inserted at level L4-5/L5-S1 of spinal cord
Flat for several hours after procedure
Document ability to move extremities

Exam 5 (5 decks)

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