Infections 1 Flashcards
Define infections
Infection occurs when harmful microbes invade and grow within body
Examples of microbes
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
- parasites
Illness occurs because
Clearance of harmful microbes which are foreign to the body has not cleared quick enough
Pathogens
- organism that causes disease/illness
- bacteria-cell walls and ribosomes
- virus replication
- fungi-difficult due to type of cell [eukaryotic]
Examples of defence and responses
- first line defense
- second line defense
- pH
- NK cells
- complement
- thermoregulation
- lysozymes
First line defense
Innate immune response
-> physical barrier e.g. skin, mucous membranes, cilia
-> macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells
Second line of defense
Adaptive immune response
-> B cells and T cells
Signs of infection - visual signs
- fever, aches, pains, confusion
- sputum
- dysuria
- purulent raised infected sores
- erythema
- appetite
Signs of infections - clinical
- WCC = white cell count
- CRP = cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- HR = hart rate
- neutrophils
- renal function
- ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Fever
- ranges are narrow for if age groups (37.5/38)
- hypothalamic response = increases core body temp
Fever - what does hypothalamic response do
- increase core body temp
- inhibit growth and replication of pathogen
- promotes immune response
What are the human factors that put people at greater risk
- age
- inherited illness - hypogammaglobulinemia
- diabetes and chronic kidney disease
- pregnancy complication risk
What are the drug (latrogenic) factors that put people at greater risk
- medication-immunosuppressants, corticosteroids
- biologics for autoimmune disease
- chemotherapy
- malnourishment due to illness
How are virus transmitted
Contact and fluid
Fungal infections
- Found in location such as mouth, skin, intimate area
- present white or coloured
- sometimes be painless
Bacterial infections
- occurs when foreign bodies or bacteria come into contact or enter your body either via cuts, contaminated needles, droplets
