Infection Superbugs

Question 1

Name the 5 types of organisms that can cause disease.

Answer 1

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths

Question 2

Describe helminths

Answer 2

eukaryotic parasites, worm like one example is schistosoma

Question 3

Describe protozoa

Answer 3

Eukaryotic, unicellular and motile one example is plasmodium falciparum that causes malaria.

Question 4

Define a pathogen

Answer 4

Organism that causes or is capable of causing disease

Question 5

Define a commensal

Answer 5

Organism which colonises the host but causes no disease in normal circumstances

Question 6

Define a opportunist pathogen

Answer 6

Microbe that only causes disease if host defences are compromised

Question 7

Define virulence/Pathogenicity

Answer 7

The degree to which a given organism is pathogenic

Question 8

Define asymptomatic carriage

Answer 8

When a pathogen is carried harmlessly at a tissue site where it causes no disease

Question 9

Name the routs of acquisition

Answer 9

Skin, Airway, Alimentary tract, genital tract, blood

Question 10

What colour are gram positive bacteria under stain

Answer 10

blue, gram negative are pink

Question 11

name the two types of bacteria morphology

Answer 11

coccus and bacillus

Question 12

how can coccus bacteria be arranged

Answer 12

as single, diplococcus, chain of cocci and cluster of cocci

Question 13

how can bacillus bacteria be arranged/appear

Answer 13

single, chain of rods, vibrio(curved rod), spirochaete (spiral rod)

Question 14

what stain would you use to identify acid- fast bacilli

Answer 14

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Question 15

What are acid fast bacilli

Answer 15

Bacteria that cannot be stained using conventional staining techniques, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 16

what is different between gram positive and negative

Answer 16

negative have endotoxins and an outer and inner membrane.

Question 17

What is an endotoxin bacterial toxin

Answer 17

a component of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria

Question 18

What is an exotoxin bacterial toxin

Answer 18

a toxin secreted by gram positive and negative bacteria.

Question 19

Give an example of obligate intracellular bacteria

Answer 19

Chlamydia pneumoniae, Rickettsia rickettsii

Question 20

Give an example of bacteria that can be cultured on artificial media and has no cell wall

Answer 20

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 21

Give an example of bacteria growing as filaments

Answer 21

Nocardia asteroidies

Question 22

give an example of a spirochaetes

Answer 22

Borrelia burghdorferi, Treponema pallidum causes syphilis and can sit latent.

Question 23

Give an example of a gram negative coccus

Answer 23

Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae

Question 24

Name two staphylococcus

Answer 24

gram positive, S. aureus, S. epidermidis

Question 25

name a beta heamolytic streptococcus

Answer 25

S. pyogenes

Question 26

Name one alpha-heamolytic streptococcus

Answer 26

S. pneumoniae

Question 27

what are S. oralis and S. sanguis most well known for

Answer 27

common causes of bacterial endocarditis

Question 28

the mycobacteria come under what classification

Answer 28

Acid fast baccili

Question 29

what are examples of anerobic gram positive rods

Answer 29

Clostridium botulinum, C. difficile

Question 30

Aerobic gram positive rods

Answer 30

CORYNEBACTERIUM diphtheriae

BACILLUS anthracis

Question 31

Anaerobic gram negative

Answer 31

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 32

aerobic gram negative

Answer 32

Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella typhi, Vibro cholerae