Infection Superbugs Flashcards
Name the 5 types of organisms that can cause disease.
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths
Describe helminths
eukaryotic parasites, worm like one example is schistosoma
Describe protozoa
Eukaryotic, unicellular and motile one example is plasmodium falciparum that causes malaria.
Define a pathogen
Organism that causes or is capable of causing disease
Define a commensal
Organism which colonises the host but causes no disease in normal circumstances
Define a opportunist pathogen
Microbe that only causes disease if host defences are compromised
Define virulence/Pathogenicity
The degree to which a given organism is pathogenic
Define asymptomatic carriage
When a pathogen is carried harmlessly at a tissue site where it causes no disease
Name the routs of acquisition
Skin, Airway, Alimentary tract, genital tract, blood
What colour are gram positive bacteria under stain
blue, gram negative are pink
name the two types of bacteria morphology
coccus and bacillus
how can coccus bacteria be arranged
as single, diplococcus, chain of cocci and cluster of cocci
how can bacillus bacteria be arranged/appear
single, chain of rods, vibrio(curved rod), spirochaete (spiral rod)
what stain would you use to identify acid- fast bacilli
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
What are acid fast bacilli
Bacteria that cannot be stained using conventional staining techniques, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
what is different between gram positive and negative
negative have endotoxins and an outer and inner membrane.
What is an endotoxin bacterial toxin
a component of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
What is an exotoxin bacterial toxin
a toxin secreted by gram positive and negative bacteria.
Give an example of obligate intracellular bacteria
Chlamydia pneumoniae, Rickettsia rickettsii
Give an example of bacteria that can be cultured on artificial media and has no cell wall
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Give an example of bacteria growing as filaments
Nocardia asteroidies
give an example of a spirochaetes
Borrelia burghdorferi, Treponema pallidum causes syphilis and can sit latent.
Give an example of a gram negative coccus
Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae
Name two staphylococcus
gram positive, S. aureus, S. epidermidis
name a beta heamolytic streptococcus
S. pyogenes
Name one alpha-heamolytic streptococcus
S. pneumoniae
what are S. oralis and S. sanguis most well known for
common causes of bacterial endocarditis
the mycobacteria come under what classification
Acid fast baccili
what are examples of anerobic gram positive rods
Clostridium botulinum, C. difficile
Aerobic gram positive rods
CORYNEBACTERIUM diphtheriae
BACILLUS anthracis
Anaerobic gram negative
Bacteroides fragilis
aerobic gram negative
Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella typhi, Vibro cholerae
