Infection Review Sessions 5-

Question 1

What is the last antibody to appear when the body is clearing a hep b virus

Answer 1

HbsAb

Question 2

The post exposure prophylaxis for hep C is

Answer 2

Nothing - wait until test positive and cure it

Question 3

Gentamicin mainly targets

Answer 3

Gram negative (sepsis)

Question 4

Which immune cell expresses the bacterial peptides on MHC class II molecules

Answer 4

Dendritic cells (has APC properties)

Question 5

Why does CRP increase

Answer 5

CRP is an acute phase protein produced by the liver in response to infection

Question 6

How would you describe bacteria quorum sensing

Answer 6

Modulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell population density

Question 7

3 Characteristics of biofilms

Answer 7

Low metabolic activity
Low penetration of antibiotics
Secretion of virulence factors

Question 8

What is the Planktonic phase of biofilm formation

Answer 8

Enter a spore-like state and move freely without being in a colony

Question 9

Formation of extracellular matrix occurs after

Answer 9

Attachment of the spore-like bacteria to body cell

Question 10

What substance has the phagocytic cell produced to trigger inflammation

Answer 10

Cytokines, Il1 and 6, TNFR

Question 11

What are most staph resistant to?

Answer 11

Penicillin

Question 12

UTI treatment

Answer 12

Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim

Question 13

Cell or cellular product responsible for controlling HIV infection initially

Answer 13

HIV specific CD8+ T cell

Question 14

Patients who have cleared an infection will have

Answer 14

Surface antibody response HBcAg

Core antibody response IgG

Question 15

Chesty symptoms in HIV positive patient likely to be caused by

Answer 15

Pneumocystis jiroveci (PJP/PCP infection)

Question 16

Why does staphylocccus epidermis cause an infection in central lines

Answer 16

Produces a slime that adheres to plastic surfaces

Question 17

Likely causative organism for infection following mitral valve replacement

Answer 17

Staph epidermis

Question 18

Mechanism of action for antibiotic used to treat endocarditis caused by staph epidermis

Answer 18

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (vancomycin plus rifampin)

Question 19

How does HIV bind to lymphocyte

Answer 19

Gp120 docking glycoprotein binds to CD4 receptor

Question 20

In malaria, low haemoglobin is due to

Answer 20

Action of merozoites

Question 21

Legionnaires disease commonly presents with similar signs and symptoms to what other condition

Answer 21

Pneumonia

- clarithromycin

Question 22

Name a common feature of malaria

Answer 22

Dark coloured urine due to haemolysis of RBCs leaking Hb into urine

Question 23

Which antibiotic do you prescribe for C. difficile e

Answer 23

Metronidazole

Question 24

Most important factor in reduction of MRSA infections

Answer 24

Hand washing

Question 25

high ratio of IgM to IgG means

Answer 25

Patient has not encountered the virus previously

Question 26

Patient has encountered virus before

Answer 26

High ratio of IgG to IgM

Question 27

Any infection would trigger both

Answer 27

IgG and IgM

Question 28

Any infection is associated with an

Answer 28

Antibody response

Question 29

Description of CVID

Answer 29

Have B cells but they cannot produce antibodies

Question 30

Di george syndrome description

Answer 30

Deletion on chromosome 22 causes hypoplastic thymus so no B cells can be matured

Question 31

Description of Hyper-IgM syndrome

Answer 31

No isotope switching occurs so no IgG produced

Question 32

Examples of supportive treatments for immunodeficiency

Answer 32

Prophylactic antibiotics and UV-irradiated/CMV negative blood products only

Question 33

Example of specific treatment for immunodeficiency

Answer 33

Immunoglobulin therapy

Question 34

Which malaria species is most commonly associated with severe malaria

Answer 34

Falciparum

Question 35

Which pattern of infection is seen in HSV cold sores

Answer 35

Latent

Question 36

Pattern of high igG and absent IgM usually means

Answer 36

Past infection

Question 37

In which cell is EBV maintained for life

Answer 37

B cell

Question 38

Which wbc is responsible for raised wbc count in EBV

Answer 38

CD8 T cell

Question 39

What kind of murmur is suggestive of aortic stenosis

Answer 39

An ejection systolic murmur in 2nd intercostal space on the right

Question 40

What is likely to be heard in tricuspid valve endocarditis

Answer 40

Systolic murmur in left lower sternal border

Question 41

Features of IgA

Answer 41

Found on mucosal surfaces. Protects respiratory tract.

Question 42

Features of IgA deficiency

Answer 42

Recurrent ear infection, sinusitis, bronchitis and pneumonia Some also have GI infections and chronic diarrhea

Question 43

Important virulence factor that is part of cell wall and inhibits phagocytosis in streptococci

Answer 43

M protein (interfered with complement)

Question 44

Toxin A is produced by

Answer 44

C. difficile

Question 45

What microbial feature is important in strep pyogenes

Answer 45

M protein - prevents phagocytosis

Question 46

Impetigo- lesions, beta haemolysis, cocci. Suggestive of

Answer 46

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 47

Does E. coli contain rna genetic material

Answer 47

No | Also Is prokaryote

Question 48

What 2 pathogens are associated with toxic shock syndrome

Answer 48

Strep pyogenes | MRSA

Question 49

Which treatments are needed in a case of necrotising fascilitis

Answer 49

``` IV antibiotics (normally penicillin) Antibody transfusion and debridement/amputation ```

Question 50

What does alpha haemolytic mean

Answer 50

Partially oxidise iron in Hb to cause greenish colour

Question 51

2 classes of antibiotic to treat cellulitis

Answer 51

Penicillins | Carbapenems