infection + response

Question 1

pathogens

Answer 1

fungi, protist bacteria, virus

Question 2

examples of protist

Answer 2

malaria

Question 3

examples of bacteria

Answer 3

Salmonella, tuberculosis (TB), whooping cough, gonorrhoea

Question 4

examples of virus

Answer 4

Measles, HIV, influenza

Question 5

examples of fungi

Answer 5

toungue thrush, athletes foot, yeast infections

Question 6

salmonella

Answer 6

fever, diorrhoea, cramps, vomiting

Question 7

gonnorhoea

Answer 7

pain when urinating, colored discharge

Question 8

protecting against disease

Answer 8

quarentine, good hygene, dont share needles, vaccination

Question 9

immuno response

Answer 9

phagocytosis, engulf to kill
produce antibodies to kill
produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins

Question 10

types or white blood cell

Answer 10

phagocytes - do phagocytosis
B lymphocytes - produce antibodies

Question 11

penicillin

Answer 11

made from penicillum moulds, stops the production of bacteria cell walls

Question 12

aspirin

Answer 12

derived from willow bark

Question 13

painkillers

Answer 13

paracetemol, co codamol, aspirin
ibuprofin is an anti inflammatory

Question 14

drug developmet stages

Answer 14

pre clinical
-human cell/tissue testing; toxicity
-animal testing; efficacy and rough dosage
clinical
-human; efficacy, dosage, texicity

Question 15

monoclonal antibodies

Answer 15

a mouse is injected with a chosen antigen to trigger the production of B - lymphocyte cells,
these are collected and fused with fast dividing toumour cells to make a hybridoma,
it divides quickly to produce lots of clones which in turn prduce antibodies.
once seperated from the hybridoma these are monoclonal antibodies and are used in lots of stuff

Question 16

disadvantages of using monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer

Answer 16

vomiting, low blood pressure, fever

Question 17

plant deficiency

Answer 17

nitrates are needed to make proteins, lack of nitrates cause stunted growth
magnesium ions are needed for the production of chlorophyll, lack will lead to yellow leaves or chlorosis