infection + response Flashcards
pathogens, killing pathogens, antibiotics, diseases, antitoxins, antibodies, primary and secondary immune response, vaccines, microbiology practical
define pathogen
a pathogen is a bacteria or virus that causes a disease
how does bacteria make you ill
bacteria are very small cells that reproduce rapidly in your body and make you ill by producing toxins in your blood
how do viruses make you ill
viruses are not cells
they replicate and invade cells until they burst the cell and kill it releasing the virus
how do protists make you ill
a vector (an organism that does not cause disease but spreads infection by passing pathogens from one host to another) carries the protist from one person to another, spreading the parasite
how does fungus make you ill
lots of fungal cells join together to form long threads called hyphae (contains many nuclei) and are organised into mycelium
these hyphae can grow on organisms and cause infection by penetration
fungi make and release spores, which can lead to the spread of fungi across the organis
bacteria
- size/structure
- how it makes you ill
- how it’s spread
- examples
- prokaryotic
1/100th the size of a body cell - produces toxins
- spread through direct contact or water
- causes food poisoning/cholera
virus
- size/structure
- how it makes you ill
- how it’s spread
- examples
- not living
1/100th the size of a bacteria - invades body cells, replicates, bursts cell
- spread through air or direct contact
- causes HIV/common cold/flu
protist
- size/structure
- how it makes you ill
- how it’s spread
- examples
- eukaryotic
mostly single celled - can be parasitic
- spread by vector
- causes malaria
fungus
- size/structure
- how it makes you ill
- how it’s spread
- examples
- eukaryotic
can be single celled or multicellular - some can penetrate the surface of organism
- spread through production of spores
- causes black spot/athlete’s foot
measles
- what is it
- transmitted
- symptoms
- prevention/treatment
measles is a virus disease that is serious and can be fatal if complications arise
it is transmitted through inhalation of droplets through sneezes/coughs
symptoms are fevers and a red skin rash
preventative measure is to vaccinate children against it
HIV
- what is it
- how does it attack
- transmitted
- symptoms
- prevention/treatment
it is a virus that causes flu-like illnesses
the virus attacks immune cells in the body and late stage HIV occurs when the immune system becomes very damaged and can’t fight other illnesses
HIV is spread through sexual contact or bodily fluid exchanges - like blood when using the same needle for different people
you can have antiretroviral drugs which stop the virus from replicating but it’s not always successful
tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
- what is it
- transmitted
- symptoms
- prevention/treatment
it is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many plant species like tomatoes through a virus
