Infection Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Infection

A

Invasion/colonization of body by pathogenic microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disease

A

Occurs when infection results in change from normal state of health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathogen

A

Microorganism/virus able to produce disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Location of portal exit

A

Usually close to organism’s breeding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transmission of disease pathway

A

(1) Reservoir
(2) Portal of exit
(3) Mode of transmission
(4) Portal of entry
(5) Susceptible victim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Factors for infection

A

(1) Communicability
(2) Immunogenicity
(3) Pathogenicity
(4) Toxingenicity
(5) Virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Risk factors for susceptibility

A
  • nutritional status
  • chronic illness
  • age
  • immunosuppression
  • environment
  • HAI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Breaking the chain of infection

A
  • destroy reservoir
  • block portal of exit/entry
  • block mode of transmission
  • reduce victim’s susceptibility/improve immune system
  • use antimicrobials with caution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stages of infection

A

(1) incubation period
(2) prodromal stage
(3) invasion/acute illness
(4) convalescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classes of infectious microorganisms

A
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • protozoa
  • virus
  • helminths
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symbiosis

A

benefits only the host not the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mutualism

A

benefits host and microorganism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Commensalism

A

benefits only the microorganism, no harm to host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pathogenicity

A

benefits the microorganism, harms the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Opportunism

A

Benign microorganisms become pathogenic due to decreased host resistance or translocation to other body sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bacteria characteristics

A
  • cell wall
  • cell shape
  • movement mechanisms
  • gram staining
17
Q

Bacterial virulence factors

A
  • pili
  • flagella
  • capsules
  • enzymes
  • exotoxins
  • endotoxins
  • antibiotic resistance
18
Q

Bacteremia

A

presence of bacteria in the blood

19
Q

Sepsis

A

large amount of infection in the blood

life-threatening

overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines

20
Q

Most common bacterial infections

A
  • pneumonia
  • meningitis
  • UTIs
  • TB
  • wound infections
21
Q

Reproduction of fungi

A
  • form spores
  • detach from parent cell
  • germinate into new fungi elsewhere
  • colonize when normal flora are disturbed
22
Q

Mycoses

A

infections caused by fungi

23
Q

Dermatophytes

A

fungi that invade skin, hair, or nails

24
Q

Candida albicans

A

most common cause of fungal infection

opportunistic yeast

25
Subcutaneous fungal infection
gets in tissue during trauma
26
Systemic fungal infection
inhalation of dust that contains fungus
27
Composition of viruses
RNA - single strand - single strand retrovirus with reverse transcriptase - double strand DNA - single stranded - double stranded Protein shell (capsid)
28
Classification of viruses
- genetic makeup - mode of replication - structure of viral capsule (capsid) - specific host cell that virus invades
29
Viral modes of replication/invasion
- adhere to cell membrane → phagocytosis → capsule opens and releases genetic material inside - stick to cell surface and inject genetic material into host - manufacture envelope to surround viral capsid and release virus through budding