HIV & AIDS

Question 1

HIV

Answer 1

• human immunodeficiency virus
• retrovirus family (RNA to DNA conversion)
• 2 identical RNA strands encode 15 proteins
• integrates into host’s genome
• inability to fight opportunistic infections

Question 2

AIDS

Answer 2

• acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• deficiency in immune function resulting in syndrome of infections/diseases
• defective cell-mediated immunity
• decrease in CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes/macrophages

Question 3

Stages of HIV infection → AIDS

Answer 3

(1) viral transmission

(2) acute & early infection

(3) chronic HIV infection

(4) AIDS diagnosis

Question 4

AIDS CD4+ count

Answer 4

<200
advanced = <50

Question 5

Normal CD4+ count

Answer 5

700-1200

Question 6

Undetectable plasma viral load

Answer 6

20 or below

Question 7

HIV transmission

Answer 7

(1) sexual
(2) perenteral (blood)
(3) perinatal

Question 8

HIV structure

Answer 8

• core (nucleocapsid)
• enzymes for RNA → DNA conversion
  reverse transcriptase
  protease
  integrase
• viral envelope proteins

Question 9

HIV replication

Answer 9

(1) entry
(2) reverse transcription
(3) integration
(4) replication
(5) assembly
(6) budding and maturation

Question 10

HIV testing and diagnostics

Answer 10

(1) antibody
(2) antigen/antibody
(3) nucleic acid tests (NAT)