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3rd yr- IWB- Microbiology > Infection Prevention in Dentistry > Flashcards

Infection Prevention in Dentistry Flashcards

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1
Q

List some body substances in dentistry that may contain blood borne viruses

A
  1. Blood
  2. Unfixed tissue
  3. CSF
  4. Saliva
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2
Q

List some body substances NOT in dentistry that may contain other pathogens

A
  1. Faeces
  2. Urine
  3. Vomit
  4. Sputum
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3
Q

Give some standard precautions we use dentistry

A
  1. Hand hygiene
  2. Protection- gowns, masks, gloves, eyewear
  3. Safe/ efficient working environment
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4
Q

list some things we wear on clinic for protection?

A
  1. Gown
  2. Eye wear
  3. Mask
  4. Gloves
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5
Q

List the stages of cleaning/ sterilisation of instruments and equipment

A
  1. Pre sterilisation
  2. Sterilisation
  3. Storage
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6
Q

How can we pre sterilise instruments and equipments

A
  1. Hand cleaning
  2. Ultrasonic
  3. Bath
  4. Enzyme
  5. Cleaners
  6. Instruments washing machin
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7
Q

What is the aim of pre sterilisation?

A

To remove all organic matte

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8
Q

How do we sterilise instruments and equipments

A

Autoclaving

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9
Q

How do we store sterilised instruments and equipments

A

Dry covered conditions

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10
Q

Which method of sterilisation is most favoured and why:

  1. Boiling
  2. Disinfectant
  3. Autoclaving
A

Autoclaving

As Boiling can be inadequate and Disinfectants are inadequate

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11
Q

What settings does a dental autoclave usually have?

A
  1. 134-138 Degrees for 3 minutes

2. 115-118 degrees for 30 minutes

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12
Q

Name the document that states how your autoclave should work

A

HTM 01-05

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13
Q

Give examples of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies that can be transmitted in dentistry

A
  1. Mad cow disease
  2. CJD, VCJD, Gerstmann-straussler-scheinker Syndrome
  3. Prion disease
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14
Q

What are the problems associated with trying to sterilise surfaces from prions

A

They are impervious to:

  1. Heat
  2. Steam
  3. Chemical disinfection
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15
Q

Where can prions be found in dentistry

A
  1. Nervous tissue
  2. Tonsils
  3. Other lymphoid tissue
  4. Dental pulp (?)
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16
Q

When is chemical disinfection used to sterilise equipment?

A

When that equipment can’t be autoclaved

17
Q

Name some surface disinfectants

A
  1. Alcohols
  2. Aldehydes
  3. Halogens
  4. Oxidising agents
  5. Phenols
  6. Quaternary ammonium compounds
18
Q

In the Leeds teaching hospital what do we use to decontaminate surfaces?

A

Chlorine releasing agents (diluted bleach)

19
Q

Describe the qualities of bacterial based surface disinfectants

A
  1. Bactericidal
  2. Fungicidal
  3. Virucidal
20
Q

Describe the qualities of aldehyde based surface disinfectants

A

COSHH

Sporcidal

21
Q

Describe the qualities of halogen based surface disinfectants

A

Corrosive and not active against spores

22
Q

Describe the qualities of oxidising agent based based surface disinfectants

A

Corrosive at high concentrations

23
Q

Describe the qualities of phenol based surface disinfectants

A

COSHH and not active against spores

24
Q

Describe the qualities of Quaternary ammonium compound based surface disinfectants

A

Limited efficiency

No activity for virus or spores

25
Q

How can blood Bourne viruses spread in dentistry

A
  1. Sharps injury
  2. Mucocutaneous exposure
  3. Contaminated instruments
26
Q

What is the risk of developing HBV after a percutaneous sharps injury

A

30%

27
Q

What is the risk of developing HCV after a percutaneous sharps injury

A

3%

28
Q

What is the risk of developing HIV after a percutaneous sharps injury

A

0.3%

29
Q

List 3 factors that affect the risk of transmission of blood borne viruses

A
  1. Prevalence of infection in the population served
  2. The infection state of the source patient
  3. Risk of exposure
30
Q

Define exposure prone procedures

A

Invasive procedures where there is a risk that injury to the worker may result in the exposure of the patients open tissues to the blood of the worker

31
Q

List features of exposure prone procedures

A
  1. Hands inside cavities
  2. May not be able to see hands/fingers
  3. Exposed to sharp instruments/ tissues
32
Q

What should the viral load of hep B for an uninfected person be?

A

Below 200 IU/ML

33
Q

How do we treat exposure to HIV?

A

Combination of post exposure prophylaxis drugs

34
Q

What are the ethical guidelines regarding treating people with a blood borne virus

A

It is unethical for a dentist to refuse to treat a patient solely on the grounds that the person has a blood borne virus

35
Q

Name some water Borne organisms that can cause disease

A
  1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    2, Atypical mycobacteria
  2. Legionella sp
36
Q

Who is at threat from water Borne organisms

A

Immunocompromised patients or those with chronic lung diseases

3rd yr- IWB- Microbiology (12 decks)

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