infection model

Question 1

example of how gender affects your susceptibility to disease

Answer 1

have physical differences e.g women more likely to get a UTI because they have shorter urethras.

Question 2

how physiological state can change your susceptibility to disease

Answer 2

peoples physiologies change e.g during pregnancy. have a lowered immune system and therefore more open to infection

Question 3

how pathological state can change your susceptibility to disease

Answer 3

long term conditions e.g diabetes makes you much more vulnerable to other illness’. this is usually because they have diabetes due to a bad habit e.g drinking, smoking or over eating. this results in many people with multimorbities because one illness leads to another

Question 4

what is incubation period

Answer 4

the time it takes a disease after being infected to show symptoms e.g HIV takes couple month

Question 5

what factors affect patient susceptibility to disease

Answer 5

the person - age, under, physiological state, pathological state, and social factors.
time - calendar and relative (incubation)
place- current and recent

Question 6

all mechanisms of infections

Answer 6

direct (touch), inoculation(needle), haematogenous (blood Bourne), ingestion, inhalation, vector or vertical transmission

Question 7

what is vertical transmission

Answer 7

mother to child across placenta, via breast milk, through canal as giving birth or infection which travels up canal during pregnancy

Question 8

how a pathogen causes host damage

Answer 8

it attaches, produces toxins and interacts with hosts defences causing inflammation

Question 9

how to manage a patient

Answer 9

take a history, examination them (look at them), investigate them e.g blood test. then hopefully this leads to diagnosis. then can treat then whether this is specific (antibiotics) or supportive (blood pressure management)

Question 10

types of specific treatment

Answer 10

antimicrobials, or surgery which includes drainage, debriedemt(remove debris) or removal of dead space(gap when removed lots of tissue which is a space for infection, pack it to get rid of it.)

Question 11

types of supportive treatment

Answer 11

symptom relief e.g paracetamol and physiological restoration

Question 12

explain the outcome of infection

Answer 12

either youre cured, you die or you’re somewhere between with a disability e.g unsightly scar or chronic infection e.g HIV

Question 13

types of pathogens

Answer 13

virus, bacterium (prokaryote), fungas (eukaryote) and parasite (eukaryote)

Question 14

explain the infection model

Answer 14

pathogen + patient if the mechanism of infection works = infection. this then must be managed which can lead an outcome (death or cure???)