Infection (Misc)

Question 1

autoimmune diseases, reoccurrence of disease, incompletion of antibiotics, long-term use of steroids, children and elderly at increased risk, cancer diabetes, stress, chronic disease

Answer 1

risk factors for infection

Question 2

immature immune systems so they respond differently to disorders. ____ have passive immunity 1-3 months after birth. Breast fed _____ have an increased immunity.

Answer 2

Infants

Question 3

decreased immune response, decreased cardiac output that results in the decrease of tissue perfusion causing delayed wound healing, cannot clear secretions as well due to lung inelasticity, incomplete emptying of their bladder increasing risk for bladder infection.

Answer 3

elderly

Question 4

_____ use may increase risk for infection.

Answer 4

Steroid

Question 5

may indicate potential gap in immunizations if they were allergic to a component. May also indicate what type of medications may be exposed more to infectious processes.

Answer 5

allergies

Question 6

incubation of 7 to 21 days, contagious 4 days before and 4 days after infection. High fever, malaise, inflammation of nasal passages (coryza), conjunctivitis, and rash

Answer 6

Measles

Question 7

21 day incubation period.

Answer 7

Ebola

Question 8

fever, signs of inflammation (pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function), pain, malaise, draining wounds, enlarged lymph node, nausea, vomiting.

Answer 8

when assessing for infection you look for these things

Question 9

erythema, edema, nausea, vomiting, exudate, fever, malaise

Answer 9

general signs of infection

Question 10

5000-10,000 is the normal range for ____. It’s called leukocytosis if increased. differential allows you to determine what WBC is seen and to determine what sort of infection may be occurring. Immature neutrophils may indicate an acute response to some infection.

Answer 10

CBC with Differential

Question 11

_____ will increase dramatically with infection and sepsis.

Answer 11

procalcitonin

Question 12

______________ determines what microorganism is present and how to treat it.

Answer 12

Culture and Sensitivity

Question 13

Highly contagious viral respiratory infection that infects respiratory epithelium. greatly increases the risk for secondary bacterial infections (pneumonia, otis media, sinusitis). 24 hour before manifestations and up to 5 or 7 days after they begin. (incubation period is 1-4 days generally 2 days)

Answer 13

Influenza

Question 14

fever or feeling feverish, chills, sore throat, cough, runny nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, vomiting, or diarrhea. Can range from mild to severe, dry non-productive cough, profound malaise, coryza (inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane)

Answer 14

clinical manifestations of influenza

Question 15

Patient with the ____ often has a rapid onset of a severe headache, muscle aches, fever, chills, fatigue, and weakness. Sore throat, cough and watery nasal discharge may follow initial manifestations. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be present with certain strands

Answer 15

Flu

Question 16

should be administered within 24-48 hours of symptoms. It stops replication and speeds recovery time

Answer 16

Antiviral Drugs

Question 17

most commonly used, stops replication for the virus, and makes the flu less severe. Inhibits influenza virus enzyme that is essential for viral replication.

Answer 17

Zanamivir (Relezna) and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Question 18

Blocks uncoating of influenza A virus, preventing penetration into the hose and inhibiting M2 protein in the assembly of progeny virus.

Answer 18

Amantadine

Question 19

inhibits replication of viral RNA, DNA, and influenza virus

Answer 19

Rimantadine

Question 20

reddish blue netlike blotching of skin

Answer 20

livedo reticularis

Question 21

aspiring, acetaminophen, NSAIDs. Used to decrease fever

Answer 21

antipyretics

Question 22

given at night so you can promote rest. Do not administer 24/7, as you want them to move secretions as necessary

Answer 22

antitussives

Question 23

yearly ______ are available every fall. Each year they predict what strand of the virus will be most prominent and make an immunization. It generally contains 2 to 3 antigens for the three or four most expected viral strains. Contains egg protein, question egg allergy

Answer 23

vaccinations

Question 24

a rare potentially fatal neurologic syndrome in children who receive aspirin with viral illness is called.

Answer 24

Reye syndrome

Question 25

is an excess fluid in the lungs resulting from an inflammatory process. The inflammation is triggered by many infectious organisms and by inhalation or iritating agents. This process begins when organisms penetrate the airway mucosa and multiply in the alveolar spaces. White blood cells migrate to the area of infection causing local capillary leak, edema, and exudate. These fluids collect in and around the alveoli and the alveolar walls thicken. Both even reduce gas exchange and lead to hypoxia. 8th leading cause of death in the US leading cause of all infectious diseases in the US. RBCs and fibrin move into the alveoli and capillary leak spreads the infection to other areas of the lung. If the infection move into the bloodstream, septicemia results, if it leads into the pleural cavity emphysema (collection of pus in the plueral cavity) results.

Answer 25

pathophysiology of pneumonia

Question 26

diffusely scatted patches around the bronchi. Scattered crackles upon assessment. Low grade fever may occurs

Answer 26

Bronchopneumonia

Question 27

consolidation general concentrates in a part or entire part of the lobe. Abrupt onset, purulent rust colored sputum, chest pain during breathing, crackles will occur in concentrated areas.

Answer 27

Lobar Pneumonia

Question 28

high fever, chills, clamminess, blueness, cough with sputum or phlegm, shortness of breath, plueritic chest pain, hemoptysis, fatigue, muscle weakness, headache, loss of appetite, mood swings, hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, confusion, tachypnea, malaise, respiratory distress, diminished breath sounds. Purulent, blood tinged or rust colored sputum

Answer 28

clinical manifestations of pneumonia

Question 29

May be present with the usual symptoms of a fever, but will present with atypical symptoms, such as confusion, weakness, loss of appetite, and increased heart rate and respiration.

Answer 29

clinical manifestations of pneumonia for older adults

Question 30

fever, rhonci, crackles, wheezing, cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, restlessness, and decreased breath sounds if consolidation exist. Grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, irritability, lethargy, and a reduced appetite. Chest pain may be present.

Answer 30

clinical manifestations of pneumonia for infants

Question 31

diagnosed by a SpO2 of 92% or less, crackles, chest pain and fever

Answer 31

pneumonia