INFECTION CONTROL/PROGRAM Flashcards
INFECTION CONTROL (10)
INFECTION
PATHOGENS
NORMAL FLORA
LOCAL INFECTION
SYSTEMIC INFECTION
AUTOGENOUS INFECTION
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
COMMUNICABLE INFECTION
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT INFECTIONS
MULTIDRUG RESISTANT ORGANISM
Microorganism invades the body,
multiplies, and causes injury or
disease
INFECTION
nonpathogenic microorganisms on
our skin and in other areas (GIT)
NORMAL FLORA
Microorganisms that cause
disease
PATHOGENS
Infection affecting the entire body
SYSTEMIC
INFECTION
infection from one’s own flora
AUTOGENOUS
INFECTION
spread from person to person
COMMUNICABLE
INFECTION
acquired in hospitals or other
healthcare facilities
NOSOCOMIAL
INFECTION
superbugs
MULTIDRUG
RESISTANT
ORGANISMS
Pathogenic microorganisms
resistant to several drugs
MULTIDRUG
RESISTANT
ORGANISMS
AIRBORNE, CONTACT, DROPLET, VECTOR, VEHICLE
Means of Transmission
body orifices
mucous membranes
broken skin
Entry of pathway
elderly, newborn, acute/chronically ill, immune suppressed, unvaccinated
Susceptible Host
Infectious Agent
bacteria
fungus
protozoon
rickettsia
virus
Reservoir
Animal, human, equipment, food, soil and water
exit pathway
blood
exudate
secretions
excretions
a continuous link in the transmission of harmful organisms between a source and the susceptible host
chain of infection
● source
● Causative agent
● Pathogenic microbe responsible for causing an infection
● Bacteria, parasites, fungi, viruses
INFECTIOUS
AGENT
● source of an infectious agent
● Place where the microbe could grow,
survive, and multiply
● Humans, animals, insects, food,
water, soil, equipment
RESERVOIR
a way an infectious agent can leave a
reservoir host
● Secretions from eyes, nose, mouth
● Exudates from wounds, mucous
membranes, tissue specimens, blood,
feces, urine
exit of pathway
● contact, either direct or indirect
● Droplets
● Airborne
● Vector
● Vehicle
MEANS OF
TRANSMISSION
● Entry pathway
● Way an infectious agent enters a
susceptible host
● Body orifices
● Mucous membranes
● Break in the skin
PORTAL OF
ENTRY
● Someone who is prone to infection
(elderly, newborn,
immune-suppressed, unvaccinated,
with acute or chronic illness)
SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
direct contact
indirect contact
airborne transmission
droplet transmission
vector
vehicle borne
Physical transfer of infective material
from the source to the susceptible
host through close or intimate
DIRECT
CONTACT
● Transfer of infective materials via an
object, such as bed linens,
instruments, furniture
INDIRECT
CONTACT
● Transfer of an infectious, agent to the
mucous membranes of a susceptible
individual via infectious
● 5 microns or larger
● Do not remain suspended in the air
● Transmitted through coughing,
sneezing, talking
DROPLET
TRANSMISSION
Dispersal of infectious agents that can remain infectious for long
periods of the im particles less than 5
microns and can be inhaled
● Droplet nuclei or died residue of
droplets
● Airborne droplet nuclei develop when
the Fluid of pathogenic droplets evaporates
● Small and light they may remain
suspended in the air for several hours
● Can be spread via ventilation systems
AIRBORNE
TRANSMISSION
Transfer of infective material through
contaminated items such as food or
water
VEHICLE
Transmission by insect or animal
vectors
● Dengue, Malaria (Mosquitoes)
VECTOR-BORNE
BREAKING THE CHAIN OF INFECTION
● Stopping infections at the source
● Preventing contact with substances from the exit
pathways
● Eliminating means of transmission
● Blocking exposure to entry pathways
● Reducing or eliminating the susceptibility of potential
hosts
WAYS TO BREAK THE CHAIN OF INFECTION
● Effective hand hygiene procedure
● Good nutrition, adequate rest, and reduction of stress
● Immunization against common pathogens
● Proper decontamination of surfaces and instruments
● Proper disposal of sharps and infectious waste
● Use of personal protective equipment
● Use of needle safety devices during blood collection
● Infection control programs
● Insect and rodent control
● Isolation procedures
INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
● Protect patients, employees and visitors from infection
● Screen employees for infectious diseases and to require
immunization when
● Provide evaluation and treatment to health workers who
have been exposed to infections while performing their
duty
● Monitor employees and patients who are at risk of
infection and to collect data from patients and health
workers who have been exposed to such danger
Hand hygiene effective way to prevent the spread of
infection
