Infection control (Oral Microbiology)

Question 1

Define ‘anti-sepsis’

Answer 1

Destruction and inhibition of microorganisms on a LIVING TISSUE

Question 2

Define ‘sanitation’

Answer 2

Microbial population is lowered to levels safe by standards on an inanimate object

Question 3

Define ‘disinfection’

Answer 3

Eliminate all pathogenic microorganisms EXCEPT SPORES on an inanimate object

Question 4

Define ‘sterilization’

Answer 4

Eliminate all pathogenic microorganisms on an inanimate object

Question 5

Define ‘biocidal’

Answer 5

Action which kill microorganisms

Question 6

Define ‘biostatic’

Answer 6

Action which inhibits growth of microorganisms

Question 7

Guidelines to equipment:

Answer 7

• Sterilize when there’s entry into tissue
• Sterilize preferably, or high-level disinfection when there’s contact to mucosa or non-intact skin
• Disinfect when there’s contact on intact skin

Question 8

Mechanisms of biocidal activity

Answer 8

• Cell membrane disruption
• DNA damage
• Protein damage
• Lipid oxidation (i.e. add hydrophilic section to hydrophobic tail - membranes defrom)

Question 9

Name the physical sterilization methods:

Answer 9

• Dry heat
• Wet heat: steam releases high heat when condensing an object
• Radiation
• Filtration

Question 10

Name the chemical sterilization methods:

Answer 10

1) Gas chemical:
- ethylene oxide
- hydrogen peroxide
2) Liquid chemical
- Glutaraldehyde
- Formaldehyde
- Hydrogen peroxide

Question 11

Name the physical disinfection methods:

Answer 11

boiling/pasteurizing

Question 12

Name the chemical disinfection methods

Answer 12

• glutaraldehyde
• triclosan
• Alcohols
• Ammonium
• Chlorhexidine