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CMA > Infection control module > Flashcards

Infection control module Flashcards

1
Q

what two viruses caused the CDC to introduce universal precautions?

A
  • human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)
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2
Q

what is the chain of infection?

A
  • infectious agent
  • reservoir
  • portal of exit
  • mode of transmission
  • portal of entry
  • susceptible host
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3
Q

what are the most common forms of infectious agents?

A
  • viruses
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • protozoa
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4
Q

what is an environment conducive to pathogen survival known as, and what are some examples?

A
  • a reservoir
  • the patient, a piece of medical equipment, a piece of administrative equipment (pens, pencils, clipboard)
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5
Q

what is a portal of exit?

A
  • the passageway that the pathogen uses to exit the reservoir
  • can be infected body fluids
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6
Q

what are the two modes of transmission?

A
  • direct: takes place when there i direct contact with the infected person or body fluid that is carrying the pathogen
  • indirect: occurs when there is an intermediate step between the portal of exit and portal of entry; either fomites or vectors play a role in indirect transmission
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7
Q

what is a fomite?

A
  • any non living object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (e.g. catheters, tubing, hemostats)
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8
Q

what is a vector?

A
  • a carrier (either animals or insect) that can transmit disease
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9
Q

what is a portal of entry?

A
  • the way pathogens enter into a host
  • pathogens often enter into a host via an open wound or through the mouth, nose, eyes, intestines, urinary tract, or reproductive system
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10
Q

what is a susceptible host?

A
  • an environment the transmitted pathogen can live in as the last step in the chain of infection
  • several variables of the human body, especially a compromised patient, make the ideal susceptible host
  • factors such as overall health, age, and the condition of a person’s immune system all affect the chances of them becoming a host for disease transmission
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11
Q

what is asepsis?

A
  • the condition of being free from infection or infectious material
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12
Q

what is medical asepsis?

A
  • a clean technique
  • the practice designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens
  • helps in breaking the chain of infection
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13
Q

what is surgical asepsis?

A
  • the complete removal of microorganisms and their spores from the surface of an object
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14
Q

what is sanitization?

A
  • reducing the number of microorganisms by removing debris with soap and water prior to disinfecting
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15
Q

what is disinfection, and what is a common disinfectant?

A
  • to clean something (e.g. work area, equipment) using chemicals that kill pathogens but not their spores
  • glutaraldehyde (usually requires a long submersion time in order to be fully effective
  • 1:10 bleach solution
  • NOT used on patients
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16
Q

what is sterilization?

A
  • a technique for destroying pathogens and their spores on inanimate objects, using heat, water, chemicals, or gases
  • necessary for surgical asepsis
17
Q

what are some methods that can be used in the sterilization of medical equipment?

A
  • dry heat
  • gas
  • chemicals
  • ultraviolet radiation
  • ionizing radiation
  • steam under pressure in an autoclave
18
Q

explain the sterilization process of endoscopes

A
  • pre-cleaning: done immediately after the endoscope has been removed from the patient, this consists of wiping the tube with a wet cloth and then soaking the tube in a cleaning solution
  • leak testing: use air, pressure, and water to determine if any damage to the endoscope has occurred
  • manual cleaning: use the recommended cleaning solution to manually remove debris from the internal and external surfaces of the endoscope
  • rinse after cleaning: rinse all parts of the endoscope with clean water to further reduce the chances of any debris or cleaning solution from remaining
  • high-level disinfection: use the recommended high-level disinfectant that the manufacturer suggests for immersion and flushing of endoscope pieces
  • rinse after high-level disinfection: rinse all parts to assure no residual chemical disinfectant remains on the endoscope
  • drying: rinse all parts with alcohol and then dry with forced air; store the endoscope vertically in a clean, dry, and dust-free environment
19
Q

should needles be recapped?

A

never

20
Q

when should a sharps container be sealed and placed in the designated area for disposal?

A
  • when the container is two-thirds full

CMA (35 decks)

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