Infection Control (EV)

Question 1

Which are killed during sterilization?

Answer 1

Viruses,
Spores,
Fungi,
Bacteria
'' Sterilization kills all forms of microbial life, including viruses, spores, fungi, and bacteria

Question 2

Which is NOT a component of hazard communication training?

Answer 2

Colleting waivers for hepatitis B vaccinations.
‘‘The collection of hepatitis B vaccination waivers is not a component of hazard communication training. Hazard communication training involves identifying the hazards of chemicals in the dental environment, explaining their proper handling and labeling, and fostering the availability of MSDS materials.

Question 3

Replace plastic light handle covers

Answer 3

after every patient

‘’ Light handle covers are contaminated during treatment and must be discarded and replaced after each patient

Question 4

Which action is necessary when the outside of a biohazard bag becomes contaminated?

Answer 4

Place it inside another biohazard bag
‘‘If the outside of a biohazard bag becomes contaminated, simply place it inside another biohazard bag. Processing it through a steam autoclave, disinfecting the outside surface, or placing it in the regular trash is prohibited.

Question 5

Who determines the hazards of a chemical?

Answer 5

Manufacturer
‘‘The dental manufacturer is responsible for determining the hazards of a chemical and must provide an MSDS for each product sent to the dental office.

Question 6

Which best describes the purpose of holding (presoaking) instruments prior to cleaning?

Answer 6

Make cleaning easier
‘‘Holding or presoaking makes cleaning easier by removing the bioburden on the instrument, which insulates microorganisms from the sterilizing agent. A dirty instrument will not become sterile.

Question 7

Which is NOT a clinical contact surface?

Answer 7

Operatory wall
‘‘The operatory wall is not a clinical contact surface. Clinical contact surfaces are those areas that are touched with contaminated hands, instruments, or spatter during routine patient care.

Question 8

How often should spore testing of sterilizers be executed?

Answer 8

Once a week

‘‘The CDC recommends spore testing sterilization equipment on a weekly basis.

Question 9

Which technique is used to prevent surface contamination?

Answer 9

Apply appropriate surface covers before seating the patient.
‘‘Protective surface covers should be placed before seating the patient to prevent surface contamination. Applying covers after the surfaces become contaminated is a waste of money and time because the contaminated surfaces will have to be precleaned and disinfected when the patient leaves.

Question 10

Before depositing a contaminated needle in a sharps container, the assistant

Answer 10

recaps it.

‘’ Needles are recapped in a recapping device at chairside, before they are discarded in the sharps container.

Question 11

The record of each infection control training session does NOT require which detail?

Answer 11

Training test scores
‘‘Test scores are not required in the record of each infection control training session. The detailed record of the training session must include the date of the session, the name of the presenter, and the names of attending employees.

Question 12

Packaging instruments prior to sterilization

Answer 12

maintains instrument sterility after processing.

‘’ Wrapping or packaging instruments prior to sterilization reduces the risk of post sterilization contamination.

Question 13

A sharps container is an example of which?

Answer 13

Engineering control
‘’ The sharps container is an example of an engineering control, as opposed to an administrative control, work practice control, or personal protective equipment

Question 14

Central nervous system disorders, tremors, and kidney dysfunction are associated with increased exposure to

Answer 14

mercury vapors
‘’ Mercury vapors are toxic; long-term daily exposure can result in tremors, kidney dysfunction, depression, and central nervous system disorders. Careful amalgam handling procedures are essential to prevent daily exposure to mercury vapors.

Question 15

Which statement is NOT true?

Answer 15

Overgloves are acceptable alone, as a hand barrier, in nonsurgical procedures.
‘’ Overgloves are not acceptable alone as a hand barrier in nonsurgical procedures. These gloves are used over the examination gloves when the assistant leaves the room or wants to prevent contamination of an area with the examination gloves.

Question 16

An employee who voluntarily forgoes the hepatitis B vaccination is required to sign a(n)

Answer 16

informed refusal that is kept on file in the dental office.
‘‘A signed informed refusal is kept on file for any employee who voluntarily declines the HBV vaccination. If an employee initially declines the vaccination but at a later date opts to have the vaccine and is still covered under the standard, the employer must provide the vaccine at no cost to the employee.

Question 17

The written exposure control plan must be reviewed and updated

Answer 17

annually.
‘’ The written exposure control plan, outlining office compliance with the BBP Standard, must be reviewed and updated annually.

Question 18

When do you need to change your protective clothing?

Answer 18

When visibly soiled
‘‘Outer protective clothing can protect against contamination. When the outer clothing is obviously contaminated, it should be changed before providing care for another patient.

Question 19

To be considered acceptable for use in dentistry, a disinfectant must be able to kill

Answer 19

tuberculosis bacteria.
‘‘The tuberculosis (TB) bacterium is the benchmark organism for disinfectants used in dentistry; a disinfectant must be lethal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis to be considered acceptable.

Question 20

Which agency regulations apply to the handling of waste in the dental office?

Answer 20

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
‘’ OSHA regulations apply to the handling of waste in the dental office for the protection of employees. When waste leaves the dental office, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations apply to the disposal

Question 21

Which are NOT acceptable for use as a surface disinfectant in dentistry?

Answer 21

Glutaraldehydes
‘‘Glutaraldehydes are unacceptable surface disinfectants due to high toxicity and tendencies to discolor and corrode surfaces.

Question 22

OSHA requires the use of Standard Precautions for

Answer 22

all patients
‘‘OSHA requires Standard Precautions be used for all patients. Therefore, blood and other body fluids from all patients are treated as potentially infectious.

Question 23

The most important infection control law in dentistry is OSHA’s

Answer 23

Bloodborne Pathogens Standard.

‘’ OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is the most important infection control law in dentistry

Question 24

Regulated medical waste comprises what percentage of a dental office’s total waste?

Answer 24

3%

‘’ Regulated medical waste (infectious waste) makes up 3% or less of the total medical waste produced in a dental office

Question 25

Without proper eye protection, curing light exposure may damage the

Answer 25

retina. '' Unprotected exposure to the curing light may damage the retina. Both the operator and the patient should wear appropriate eye protection when the curing light is required.

Question 26

Which is NOT a recognized regulated medical waste?

Answer 26

Used PPE '' Used personal protective equipment is not regulated medical waste. Extracted teeth, sharps, and liquid blood are regulated wastes, which are potentially infectious and require special handling and disposal

Question 27

Which is true regarding the handling of hazardous infectious waste?

Answer 27

Infectious waste should be placed in closable, leak-proof, labeled containers or bags. '' Following recommended procedures, hazardous infectious waste should be placed in closable, leak-proof containers or bags that are color coded or labeled appropriately.

Question 28

Which container requires a chemical label?

Answer 28

All secondary containers, including disinfectant spray bottles, ultrasonic cleaner tanks, and x-ray processing tanks require a label to indicate which chemicals they contain and any associated hazards

Question 29

Which qualifies as a biologic monitor?

Answer 29

Spore testing | '': Spore testing qualifies as a biologic monitor, which is used to ensure sterilization has occurred

Question 30

Examination gloves used for dental treatment can be made of

Answer 30

Either latex or vinyl. | '': Dental examination gloves are primarily made of latex or vinyl, not clear plastic

Question 31

The CDC recommends biological monitoring of sterilization equipment at which interval?

Answer 31

Weekly ''The CDC, ADA, and OSAP, as well as the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, recommend at least weekly spore testing of each sterilizer in the office. Some states also require routine spore testing of dental office sterilizers

Question 32

Which is a safety measure for managing noncontact scrap amalgam?

Answer 32

Label the scrap amalgam container. ''Noncontact scrap amalgam should be placed in a wide-mouthed container labeled “Noncontact Amalgam Waste for Recycling.” The scrap amalgam container should be tightly sealed and when full, sent to a recycler

Question 33

OSHA does NOT mandate the training of dental personnel in which area?

Answer 33

Specialty safety standards '' The OSHA standard does not include specialty safety standards as part of dental personnel training; however, training in the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, Hazard Communication Standard, and general safety standards is required.

Question 34

The intent of handwashing is to remove

Answer 34

transient florae. '' The microorganisms of transient skin florae contaminate the hands during the touching of, or other exposure to, contaminated surfaces. These florae serve as a source of disease spread because they can contain just about any pathogenic microorganism. Transient skin florae can be reduced or removed in some cases by routine handwashing because they remain primarily on the outer layers of the skin.

Question 35

Dental professionals are to use surgical masks and protective eyewear

Answer 35

whenever spatter and aerosolized sprays of blood and saliva are likely. '' In accordance with OSHA recommendations, surgical masks and protective eyewear are to be worn whenever splashes, spray, spatter, or droplets of blood or saliva may be generated and eye, nose, or mouth contamination may occur

Question 36

Which protects the gingival tissue during laser bleaching?

Answer 36

Resin-based, light-curable barrier '' To protect the soft tissue when laser bleaching, a resin-based, light-curable barrier is placed over the gingiva, as opposed to cotton rolls or a rubber dam.

Question 37

Which action promotes environmental infection control in a clinical area?

Answer 37

Avoid the use of carpet and cloth-upholstered furnishings. ''Carpet and cloth-upholstered furnishings are difficult to clean and disinfect and should be avoided in dental operatories, laboratories, and instrument-processing areas. Barriers are recommended on the dental unit but should be replaced after every patient, as opposed to twice a day. Isopropyl alcohol is not recommended as a surface disinfectant

Question 38

Which face mask is optimal for pouring or mixing chemicals?

Answer 38

Mist respirator ''A mist respirator face mask is optimal for pouring or mixing chemicals. Face shields and surgical masks, flat or dome shaped, may not provide adequate inhalation protection.

Question 39

A chemical spill victim with immediate symptoms of dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting is experiencing

Answer 39

acute chemical toxicity. '' A person with acute chemical toxicity will immediately experience dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting upon acute overexposure to chemicals.

Question 40

Which is true of latex or vinyl gloves?

Answer 40

Nonsterile gloves are recommended for examinations and nonsurgical procedures. '' Nonsterile gloves are recommended for routine dental care and nonsurgical procedures. Sterile gloves would be used in surgical or invasive procedures. Latex and vinyl gloves are single-use items; they cannot be washed and reused. Hands should be washed before gloving and between patients.

Question 41

Which is NOT an acceptable method of managing surface contamination?

Answer 41

Wipe the surface with alcohol. ''The use of alcohol is not acceptable as a means of preventing surface contamination or disinfecting a contaminated surface

Question 42

When recapping the needle, the dental assistant must NOT use a

Answer 42

two-handed scoop method. ''The dental assistant must never use a two-handed scoop method to recap an anesthetic needle because he or she could slip, producing a needle puncture

Question 43

The main source of infectious microorganisms in a dental office is

Answer 43

patients’ mouths. ''Patients’ mouths provide the main source of infectious microorganisms in the dental office. Microorganisms may originate from other sources, but by far the patient’s mouth presents the greatest source

Question 44

Which glove is NOT chemical-resistant?

Answer 44

Latex '' Latex gloves are not chemical-resistant; when exposed to chemical disinfectants, latex degrades, wicking chemicals and contaminants through the gloves and onto the hands. Natural rubber, neoprene, and nitrile utility gloves provide adequate protection when handling chemicals.

Question 45

Cleaning instruments prior to sterilization

Answer 45

increases the chance of sterilizer success. ''Cleaning instruments prior to sterilization increases sterilization success. The FDA has approved ultrasonic cleaners and instrument washers for this purpose

Question 46

Heavy utility gloves are used

Answer 46

to work with contaminated instruments. '' Heavy utility gloves are worn when processing contaminated instruments. Examination gloves are used for intraoral procedures, radiographic processing, and entering data on the computer.

Question 47

Which can kill bacterial spores, tuberculosis, and viruses?

Answer 47

High-level disinfectant '' According to the CDC, disinfectants are categorized according to their microbial spectrum of activity; high-level disinfectants destroy all microorganisms, including spores, tuberculosis, and viruses.

Question 48

Which error WILL NOT result in a failure of sterilization?

Answer 48

Failure to use a process indicator '' A process indicator is important but does not affect the operation of the sterilizer. Improper loading, inadequate time, and a faulty chamber door seal will result in sterilization failure.

Question 49

Protective eyewear should have

Answer 49

side shields. | '' Eyewear worn by the dental healthcare worker should have side shields to protect against aerosols and spatter.

Question 50

The high-volume evacuator (HVE)

Answer 50

removes large amounts of fluid and debris from the mouth. '': The HVE system is designed to remove large volumes of fluid and debris from the mouth during all operative and surgical procedures.

Question 51

The hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination must be

Answer 51

offered free by the employer. | '' Employers must offer the HBV vaccine, free of charge, to category I or II employees within 10 days of job assignment.

Question 52

If you opt not to receive a hepatitis B vaccination and have signed a waiver to this effect, you have the right to

Answer 52

change your mind and the employer is required to provide the vaccination. '' In accordance with the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, the employee who initially declines the vaccination may at a later date, while still covered under the standard, decide to accept the offer. The employer must make the vaccine available at no charge at that time.

Question 53

In which method of sterilization can instruments be processed wet?

Answer 53

Steam autoclave ''Instruments can be processed wet in a steam autoclave but must be dry for sterilization with unsaturated chemical vapor, dry heat static air, or rapid heat transfer (forced air).

Question 54

Which have the highest operating temperature and longest cycle time?

Answer 54

Dry heat sterilizers ''Dry heat sterilization requires 60 to 120 minutes of processing at a temperature of 320° F (160° C). Steam autoclaves operate at a temperature of 250–273° F for 3 to 30 minutes. Chemical vapor sterilization requires a processing temperature of 270° F for 20 to 40 minutes.

Question 55

Protective clothing must meet which requirement?

Answer 55

High neckline '' To minimize the amount of uncovered skin, personal protective clothing should have a high neckline and long, not short, sleeves. Protective clothing should be made of fluid-resistant, as opposed to flame-resistant, materials. Buttons, trim, zippers, and other ornamentation (which may harbor pathogens) should be kept to a minimum

Question 56

Which is a clinical touch surface?

Answer 56

Light handle '' Light handles are directly touched and contaminated during treatment procedures. Instrument trays and handpiece holders are transfer surfaces, not touch surfaces. Countertops are a splash, spatter, and droplet surface

Question 57

Which best describes an intermediate-level surface disinfectant?

Answer 57

Tuberculocidal | ''An intermediate-level disinfectant is differentiated by its tuberculocidal activity.

Question 58

The maximum allowable amount of nitrous oxide in the dental environment is

Answer 58

50 ppm '' Concentrations of nitrogen oxide in the dental office atmosphere must not exceed 50 ppm, for the safety of the dental team

Question 59

Which waste product is hazardous?

Answer 59

Spent fixer solution '' Spent fixer solution is an example of hazardous waste, which poses a risk to humans and the environment. Used paper mixing pads are considered general waste. Soft tissue is pathologic infectious waste, while used barriers are considered contaminated, not hazardous, waste.

Question 60

The OSHA Hazard Communications Standard requires employers to do all EXCEPT

Answer 60

submit annual urinalysis results of all employees. '': An annual urinalysis test for all employees is not required or associated with the OSHA Hazard Communications Standard. Employers are required by the OSHA Hazard Communications Standard to implement a hazard communication program, inform employees of the presence and associated hazards of chemicals in the dental office, and maintain accurate MSDS records

Question 61

OSHA inspections may occur randomly in an office with

Answer 61

11 or more employees ''OSHA inspections may occur randomly in an office with 11 or more employees. OSHA dental inspections also occur at the request of the dentist or when an employee or patient files a complaint

Question 62

A single container of alcohol-based hand rub solution in a dental treatment room can contain up to

Answer 62

2 L. '': The American Society of Healthcare Engineering has issued a set of rules that include the placement of alcohol-based hand rubs. One of these rules states that single containers installed in the dental treatment room should not exceed a maximum capacity of 2 L of alcohol-based rub solutions in gel/liquid form.

Question 63

Which is NOT appropriate postexposure protocol?

Answer 63

The employee may opt for medical evaluation but must assume the cost. ''After the exposure incident, the employer must make immediately available to the exposed employee a medical evaluation performed by a licensed physician or other licensed healthcare professional, at no cost to the employee.

Question 64

When using an ultrasonic cleaner, which is correct procedure?

Answer 64

Use a basket for loose instruments. '' Manufacturers of ultrasonic cleaners recommend using a basket for loose instruments. Instruments are processed in the ultrasonic cleaner until visibly clean, which can vary from 5 to 15 minutes. The mechanical and chemical cleaning action of the ultrasonic cleaner replaces the need for hand scrubbing instruments. Ultrasonic solutions, which are specially formulated for this purpose, should be used in the ultrasonic cleaner to prevent complications.

Question 65

Which is an example of regulated medical waste?

Answer 65

Used anesthetic needles '' Used anesthetic needles are regulated as infectious medical waste, which requires special handling, neutralization, and disposal.

Question 66

Disease is transmitted through which means?

Answer 66

Person-to-person contact '' Disease transmission can occur in a variety of ways, including through person-to-person contact, indirect contact, aerosol spray, and splashes or splatter. While sleep deprivation, exhaustion, and cold weather may affect the body’s ability to fight an infection, a pathogenic microorganism must be present in sufficient numbers to cause infection.

Question 67

Utility gloves are worn when

Answer 67

disinfecting the treatment room. ''Utility gloves are worn for surface cleaning and disinfecting treatment rooms. Utility gloves are not used in direct patient care—for mounting films, seating a patient, or mixing dental materials

Question 68

The hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine must be offered to which category of employees?

Answer 68

I and II '' OSHA mandates the HBV vaccine be provided for category I and II employees. Category III employees are not exposed to blood or saliva

Question 69

Gloves are a principal component of which infection control practice?

Answer 69

Protective attire and barrier techniques. ''Gloves are a principle component of protective attire and barrier techniques. Personal protective equipment includes gloves, eyewear, and masks that are worn during routine clinical treatment to protect the dental healthcare worker

Question 70

Which item of personal protective equipment (PPE) is donned last?

Answer 70

Gloves | '' Gloves are donned last, immediately before patient treatment, for maximum efficiency and safe practice.

Question 71

Which disinfectant tends to produce yellow staining?

Answer 71

: Iodophor | '' Iodophor disinfectants contain iodine, which tend to produce a yellow or red staining

Question 72

Recording the highest temperature reached during a sterilization cycle is an example of ____________ monitoring.

Answer 72

physical | '' Physical monitoring involves examining, monitoring, observing and recording sterilizer activity

Question 73

Dental unit waterlines are flushed for

Answer 73

several minutes each morning and for 20 to 30 seconds between patients. ''Flushing of the dental unit waterlines for several minutes each morning and for 20 to 30 minutes between patients is recommended. Dental lines should be purged of water and dried with air at the end of the day

Question 74

How often are chemical monitors used in the sterilization process?

Answer 74

With every instrument pack '' Appropriate monitoring as recommended by the CDC involves the use of a chemical indicator on the inside and outside (if the internal indicator cannot be seen) of each pack, pouch, and cassette.

Question 75

Which agency requires employers to provide the hepatitis B immunization?

Answer 75

Occupational Safety and Health Administration ''The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard requires the dentist/employer to offer the HBV vaccination series to all employees whose jobs include category I and II tasks. The employee has the right to refuse the HBV vaccine for any reason

Question 76

Which is required for correct disposal of used orthodontic wire?

Answer 76

Sharps container | '' Orthodontic wire is defined as a sharp and is placed in the sharps container at the end of use.

Question 77

Which does NOT minimize the amount of dental aerosols and spatter generated during treatment?

Answer 77

Preprocedural mouth rinse ''The amount of aerosols and spatter generated during dental treatment is not reduced by preprocedural mouth rinses. However, studies have shown that a mouth rinse with a long-lasting antimicrobial agent can reduce the level of oral microorganisms for up to 5 hours

Question 78

Surgical masks used in dentistry

Answer 78

prevent spatter from contacting mucous membranes. '' Surgical masks primarily protect the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth from aerosol sprays and oral fluid spatter. Surgical masks do not completely eliminate the inhalation of dental aerosols, and they are not designed to protect against tuberculosis. Surgical masks are required when treating all patients, including children

Question 79

Which is not considered a “sharp”?

Answer 79

Metal matrix retainer '' The matrix retainer is not a sharp device. It is used to hold the matrix band, which is considered a sharp. Orthodontic wires and needles are also sharps and should be placed in a sharps container after use.

Question 80

Which is NOT infectious or regulated waste?

Answer 80

X-ray wrappers '': X-ray wrappers are not infectious, regulated, or pathogenic waste, nor are they likely to be saturated with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM). The lead foil from x-ray packages is recyclable and exempt from regulation as hazardous waste

Question 81

Which is the leading cause of sterilization failure in dental offices

Answer 81

Human error ''The primary cause of sterilization failure is human error; improper loading, improper timing, improper cleaning, improper packaging, and selecting the wrong sterilization method are all caused by human error.

Question 82

Which are NOT killed or inactivated by intermediate-level disinfection?

Answer 82

Spores '' Intermediate-level disinfectants destroy vegetative bacteria, most fungi, and most viruses but are ineffective against bacterial spores.

Question 83

Which gloves are recommended to assist the placement of an amalgam?

Answer 83

Examination | '' During routine patient care, the dental healthcare worker wears disposable latex or nonlatex examination gloves

Question 84

Sterile surgical gloves are required for which procedure?

Answer 84

Assisting a mandibular resection | ''A mandibular resection is an invasive surgical procedure and would require the use of sterile surgical gloves.

Question 85

Protective clothing

Answer 85

must prevent mucous membrane exposure to blood and other body fluids. '' In accordance with OSHA recommendations, protective clothing must prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure to blood and other body fluids. Protective clothing is required for charting, although the type of protective clothing varies, depending on the degree of risk for exposure. Contaminated protective clothing should not be worn home

Question 86

Which allergic reaction is most commonly associated with latex?

Answer 86

''Type IV ''Type IV allergic reaction, the most common type of latex allergy, is a delayed contact reaction that involves the immune system. Reactions are limited to the area of contact.

Question 87

The goal of an infection control program is to prevent disease transmission from

Answer 87

All of the above. ''Disease transmission can occur in a variety of ways including patient-to-staff, staff-to-patient, and patient-to-patient; the goal of an infection control program is to prevent disease transmission.

Question 88

Which combination produces the greatest amount of instrument rusting and dulling

Answer 88

Carbon steel instruments in a steam sterilizer '' Carbon steel instruments placed in steam sterilization will produce rusting and dulling; using distilled water in the sterilizer with a protective emulsion can prevent this

Question 89

The risk of getting HIV as a dental assistant is

Answer 89

low. | ''The CDC reports that the risk of HIV disease transmission from dental patients to members of the dental team is low.

Question 90

The strength of an organism’s ability to produce disease is

Answer 90

virulence. '' Virulence is defined as an organism’s strength in producing disease. Bioburden refers to the number of bacteria on an unsterilized surface. Immunity is the ability of the body to resist disease. Infection is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms not normally present in the body.

Question 91

Dental assistants involved in the direct provision of patient care must undergo training in

Answer 91

infection control, safety issues, and hazard communication. '' The OSHA standard requires that employers ensure that all employees with occupational exposure participate in a training program on the hazards associated with body fluids, safety issues, hazard communication, and the protective techniques needed to be taken to minimize the risk of occupational exposure.

Question 92

After removing the plastic surface cover from the clinical contact surface

Answer 92

: place a new plastic cover, as long as the underlying surface remains untouched ''Carefully removing the protective cover, without touching the underlying surface, prevents surface contamination and negates the need for precleaning and disinfecting between patients

Question 93

Biofilm in a dental unit waterline exemplifies which type of disease transmission?

Answer 93

Community to dental office to patient. '' Biofilm in a dental unit waterline spreads disease from the community, through the municipal water that supplies the dental office, to the dental unit and eventually to the patient

Question 94

Gloves are required to handle each item, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION

Answer 94

Laboratory prescriptions ''Gloves are not required to handle laboratory prescriptions. Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, must be worn when performing clinical activities that require the handling of items contaminated with patient secretions, including impressions (both preliminary and final) and laboratory cases.

Question 95

How does HIV cause AIDS

Answer 95

It destroys the body’s defenses against disease. '': HIV is capable of destroying the body’s defenses against disease and lowers the immune system’s ability to resist the disease.

Question 96

Before disinfecting a clinical contact surface,

Answer 96

clean the surface. '' Before disinfecting a clinical contact surface, the surface is first precleaned and then sprayed or wiped a second time with the disinfectant to provide disinfection. Most products require 10 minutes to dry. If the surface is still wet when ready for the patient, wipe dry.

Question 97

Which agent is most lethal?

Answer 97

Sporicidal ''A sporicidal agent is capable of killing all microorganisms, including bacterial endospores and therefore can be called a sterilant.

Question 98

Dental personnel are NOT exposed to infectious disease through

Answer 98

indirect contact with sterile instruments. '': Infectious disease is not transmitted through indirect contact with sterile instruments. Dental personnel are likely to be exposed to infectious disease through direct contact with blood and saliva, aerosol, splatter, and splashes and via contaminated operatory equipment.

Question 99

The scavenging system

Answer 99

reduces the nitrogen oxide that escapes into the dental office atmosphere. ''The scavenging system is an important safety measure that reduces ambient nitrogen oxide/oxygen in the dental office atmosphere. The control valves are used to control the flow of each gas. The gas hose carries nitrogen oxide/oxygen from the reservoir bag to the mask or nosepiece. The mask delivers nitrogen oxide/oxygen to the patient as a nasal inhaler.

Question 100

A contaminated dental chart exemplifies which mode of disease transmission?

Answer 100

Indirect contact '' A contaminated dental chart facilitates indirect disease transmission. Indirect transmission occurs when microorganisms are first transmitted to an object or surface and then transferred to another person or whoever touches the object or surface.