Infection Control/Epidemiology

Question 1

alcohols

Answer 1

-kills vegetative bacteria and fungi

Question 2

ethylene oxide

Answer 2

-invented by space program/inside gum wrappers lol/useful
gaseous sterilant,destroys microbes including endospores. penetrates fabrics equipment,implantable devices aka-pacemakers.

Question 3

chlorine

Answer 3

-destroys all microorganism and virusus can put it in drinking water ti disinfect/irritates skin and mucous membrane

Question 4

silver nitrate

Answer 4

-used as antiseptic in creams on bandages etc. in eye drops for infants born with gonorrhea

Question 5

Pheneol coeffiencient

Answer 5

-earliest disinfectants-bad odor-irritates skin-not reliable on all viruses

Question 6

Disinfection

Answer 6

• elimination of most or all pathogens-some microbes may remain
• Remember if you’re going to sterilize an inanimate object you disinfect it.

Question 7

Sterilization

Answer 7

-removal of all pathogens. free of microbes including endospores and virusus

Question 8

Antiseptic

Answer 8

• used on living tissue, ex:skin

- If you disinfect a human tissue you antiseptic.

Question 9

sanitized

Answer 9

-substantially reduced microbe population to meet acceptable health standards

Question 10

The Autoclave

Answer 10

121 degrees 15lbs/sq inch-instruments,dressings,culture mediums,syringes etc/flash sterilization/PRIONS thought to be destroyed at 132 degrees for 1 hour

Question 11

Hot Oil

Answer 11

-160 degrees/dental instruments,does not rust metal

Question 12

Moist heat

Answer 12

-irreversible denatures proteins

Question 13

HEPA air filters (high efficeint particulate air)

Answer 13

removes nearly all microbes in the air

Question 14

Boiling

Answer 14

• 100 degrees C – denatures bacterial proteins
  Kills vegetative forms of bacteria, many viruses, fungi, within about 10 min.
  Excludes some endospores and viruses. Endospores survive 20+ hours.

Question 15

UV light

Answer 15

Causes adjacent thymine molecules on DNA to crimp together on the same side of the ladder, then there’s a mutation and that’s the end of it. incineration

Question 16

Cavitron

Answer 16

-ultrasonic vibrations-is COLD WATER BOILING-cleans teeth(dentures I would assume) dental plates, jewelry

Question 17

contagious

Answer 17

-transmits w/ease

Question 18

communicable

Answer 18

-contagious-from one host to another.transmission determined by interaction between environment,pathogen and host

Question 19

Endemic

Answer 19

-constantly present in population like cold or he said valley fever.

Question 20

epidemic

Answer 20

-unusually large number of cases

Question 21

pandemic

Answer 21

-global ex:aids

Question 22

outbreak

Answer 22

-cluster or group of cases at specific time and population. may signal an onset of an epidemic

Question 23

Carriers

Answer 23

-asymptomatic-harbor pathogen and shed organism intermittently or constandly for months,years,lifetime ex:typhoid Mary

Question 24

Vehicle borne

Answer 24

fomites, food and water,cross contamination(one food to another)

Question 25

vectors

Answer 25

-living organisms that can carry pathogen ex:mosquitoes,flies fleas. ticks can carry internally and externally/can be mechanical or biological/must control vector to prevent disease

Question 26

Attack Rate    

Answer 26

- Number of cases developing in a group of people who were exposed to the infectious agent.

Question 27

Morbidity Rate

Answer 27

``` incidence of disease in a defined population Contagious diseases (for example, influenza) often have high morbidity rate: infected individual may transmit to several ```

Question 28

Mortality Rate

Answer 28

- Percentage of the population that die from the disease.

Question 29

Period of Incubation

Answer 29

The time between the entry of t he pathogen into the host and the appearance of symptoms 2 – 4 days – Influenza 1 – 2 weeks – Measles

Question 30

Period of Prodromal Symptoms

Answer 30

Indistinct general symptoms – nausea, headache,muscle ache “Competition For Supremacy.”

Question 31

PERIOD OF DECLINE

Answer 31

Sweating common, as body releases excessivec amounts of heat | Normal skin color returns

Question 32

PERIOD OF CONVALESENCE

Answer 32

Body returns to normal