Immunology Flashcards
Innate
what you are born with
non specific defense mechanism
include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells
adaptive
-cells created against pathogens and to destroy pathogens
the adaptive immune system creates an army of immune cells specifically designed to attack that antigen
humoral adaptive vs
cell mediated adaptive
B cells and antibodies
helper T and cytotoxic T
humoral innate vs
cell mediated innate
complement and neutrophils
macrophages and NK cells
Toll-like receptors (TLR)
- detect different biologic classes of molecules and initiate the innate immune response
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
—molecular structures found in microorganisms that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) as part of innate immunity
collectins, pentraxins, integrins
These are seen in beginning/middle of innate immune reponse
Help ID the pathogen and calls the macrophages over
Neutrophils
most abundant, first to respond, can phagocytize
Eosinophils
Allergies or parasitic infections
They do not phagocytize, but the granules help to regulate the immune response
Basophils
Lowest amount of WBC
parasite, cancer can show elevation
Monocytes-macrophages
- Monocytes are traveling in the blood, macrophages take up residence in tissue
- Help to bridge the innate and adaptive immune system, they are termed antigen presenting cells
- first line of defense associated with innate immunity and ingest and destroy microorganisms
- Live in circulation for 1-3 days
Dendritic cells
become APCs
Essentially a monocyte/macrophage
Myeloid DCs
can differentiate into either macrophages-monocytes or tissue-specific DCs.
Plasmacytoid DCs
are inefficient antigen-presenting cells but are potent producers of type I interferon (IFN) (e.g., IFN-α) in response to viral infections.
Complement system
Works to destroy bacterial cell wall or bacterial way of reproduction
Hemopoietic Cytokines
These are used in pts with immune system problems to help their immune system work better
Cytokine action
autocrine
paracrine
endocrine
- when the target cell is the same cell that secretes the cytokine (IL-1 is produced by monocytes and also induces activation of monocytes, which produces more IL-1)
- when the target cell is nearby (IL-12 is produced by neutrophils/macrophage and causes differentiation of lymphocytes)
- when the cytokine is secreted into the circulation and acts distal to the source
T and B lymphocytes function
bring both specificity and immune memory
B- lymphocytes
- express surface immunoglobulin and secrete antibody to specific antigens
IgG
-made after initial infection and persists for a while
IgM
-acute phase reactant made immediately and then decreases
T helper cells present APC to
B cells
CD4+ T cell
CD8+
T helper, stimulate proliferation of B cells
cytotoxic T
pyogenic (pus-producing) response,
consists of antibody, complement, and neutrophils. These pyogenic bacteria are often called extracellular pathogens because they do not invade cells.
