Infection Control And Prevention

Question 1

What is infection control and prevention

Answer 1

Inventions/measures, practices, guidelines protocols aimed at
- prevention
- early identification
- control of infections in health care settings and/or community

Question 2

What are community acquired infections

Answer 2

Infections due to everyday exposure to microorganisms in the community

Question 3

What ensures prevention/protection against infections

Answer 3

• South African constitution, act 108 of 1996
• national health act of 2003, act no. 61 of 2003 and Its regulations and policy guidelines
• International Health regulations, 2005

Question 4

public health Preventive measures

Answer 4

Aim : To prevent acquisition of infection
- Expanded Programme on immunization of children (EPI)
- provsion of good sanitation and adequate safe water supply
- Effective rector control programme
Aim: To control spread of infection
- quarantine isolation of sick people
- measles children
- thyroid carriers restricted from food preparation
- contact tracing and management of exposed contacts
- disease notification system

Question 5

Define hospital acquired infection

Answer 5

infection acquired 48 hours (or more) after admission to the institution. Not present or incubating at the time of admission

Question 6

Health care facilities IPC aims

Answer 6

• prevent/ control hospital acquired. infections I nosocomial infections
• making institutions safe for both patients and health care workers

Question 7

what is the purpose of IPC?

Answer 7

• to render the hospital a safe place for both patients s health care workers and visitors
• to prevent transmission of HAI and their consequences

Question 8

what are the consequences of HAI

Answer 8

• prolonged hospital stay (increased morbidity)
• increased mortality
• increased costs for institutions as it prolonges the stay (more resources) and needs more expensive antimicrobial agents

Question 9

what are structures of hospital IPC programme

Answer 9

• Every HCW is responsible for IPC
• lCT
• infection control committee responsible for major decisions like policy and guideline making
  ICT reps from different hospital sections
• outbreak response team/ comittee which is a specialised team consisting of MDT Of infectious disease and is responsible for Investigating outbreaks and preventing future outbreaks

Question 10

what are the cone elements of an IPC programme/

Answer 10

• standard Precautions
• transmission based precautions
• employee health
• infection surveillance
• cleaning
• decontamination/ reprocressing of reusable medical and surgical equipment
• procurement of equipment/ products
• waste management
• infrastructure
• food safety
• laundry management

Question 11

Reservoir and source of infection

Answer 11

A. Endogenous
from patient’s own colonizing microbes
B. Exogenous
Other patients
hospital Staff
visitors
hospital environment
- contaminated:
- food, water
- antiseptics
- utensils
- instruments
- air