infection control and disease

Question 1

Method of controlling infection and diseasev

Answer 1

-hygienic precautions
- hand hygiene
- management of disease risk factors
- minimising nosocomial infections
-sterilising everything
-disinfection
-good wound management
-isolation
-barrier nursing
-quarantine
rapid and accurate diagnosis

Question 2

Hygiene precautions

Answer 2

• WHO hand wash
  -PPE
  -Storage, handling, prep of food
• efficient cleaning
• barrier/isolate/quarantine
  -control vectors
  -educate owners

Question 3

Reducing the risk of disease

Answer 3

-over crowding of kennels
-good ventilation
-minimise stress in the in-patients
- control potential vectors
-routine use of vaccinations

Question 4

client education

Answer 4

educate clients regarding

• disease clients regarding
• disease risk factors

Hygiene

Good husbandry
-Nutrition
-Parasite control
- Vaccination

Question 5

zoonoses

Answer 5

diseases that are transmissible from animals to humans. They can be potentially life-threatning, whilst others may pass unnoticed unless an individual is particularly susceptible

Question 6

zoonoses

Answer 6

care is always warranted when dealing with animals in the hospital which may potentially have a zoonosis

they may not have obvious clinical signs

• incubation period
• carriers convalescing

Question 6

examples of nosocomial infections

Answer 6

UTI following repeated catheterisation

• wound infection post-surgery
• antibiotic - resistant microbes

Question 7

zoonoses

Answer 7

• do not allow animals to lick humans and especially children, as they have a higher chance of being infected

-pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals should be vigilant about personal hygiene after contact

Question 7

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 7

antibiotics may select for resistant micro-organisms, in addition to targeting the bacteria we wish to eliminate

the phenomenon has made it more difficult to treat some infections

Question 7

Nosocomial infections

Answer 7

-poor hygiene and transfer of patients

• potential for build up of antimicrobial resistance
• increased risk of exposure and more severe consequences if infection occurs

Question 8

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 8

-only use when strictly necessary

• never used as a substitute for good patient care
• never use as a substitute as good infection control methods

swab - culture and sensitivity testing

Question 9

good wound management

Answer 9

• wear sterile gloves
• all instruments and swabs entering the wound should be sterile
  -sterile bandages
• careful disposal of soiled dressings, bandages, swabs
  -Buster collar
• Analgesia
  -Pet suits

Question 10

Barrier nursing

Answer 10

create a barrier between infectious animals, staff and other animals

usually carried out in addition to isolation of the animal

clothing
equipment
food bowls
litter trays

Question 11

How is barrier nursing achieved

Answer 11

-isolate animal
-specific kennels for each animal
-clean and treat last
-separate cleaning and feeding equipment for each animal
- clean and disinfect all areas
- disposable gloves, aprons and footbaths

Question 12

reverse barrier nursing

Answer 12

protecting the vulnerable patient rather than the sick patient

Question 13

isolation

Answer 13

physical segregation of animals suspected of having or proved to have transmissible infectious disease. it is done to eliminate the risk of transmission to other susceptible

Question 14

ideal iso ward

Answer 14

• self contained unit with its own washing and disposal facilities
  -seperate facilities, entrance and ventilation
• one nurse responsible for the care
• barrier nursing methods applied

Question 16

Cats and Dogs

Answer 16

-very few infections which affect cats can pass to dogs

• if a separate iso ward is not available, individual infected cats may be placed in the dog ward
• consider stress
• temporary