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Dental Assistant > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is the written “exposure control plan” in dental offices?

A

It identifies major elements of the OSHA’s blood-borne pathogen standard that must implemented in the office and the office must provide yearly training.

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2
Q

What is the difference between universal precautions and standard precautions?

A

Universal safety is with blood and standard safety is against all bodily fluids.

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3
Q

When must you wear a gown and should they be fluid proof?

A

Gowns are worn anytime for mucous membrane, blood, or saliva contact. Also, when there is splash or splatter, no they do not need to be fluid proof.

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4
Q

How are needles recapped?

A

Using the one hand technique or a recapping device.

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5
Q

How many days should the hepatitis B vaccine be offered to employees and given at what months?

A

10 days of starting work for free and given at zero, one, and six months for seroconversion (immunity).

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6
Q

What engineering controls does OSHA mandate to prevent transmission of blood-borne diseases?

A

Sharps container and high volume evacuator.

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7
Q

what is the standard for safety needles and scalpels?

A

Required dental office to consider the use of safety needles and devices once a year and employee input and consideration of use. Does not require their use.

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8
Q

What are the three things required on a medical record of an employee exposed to blood or saliva?

A
  1. Name.
  2. SSN.
  3. Dates of hepatitis B vaccine.
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9
Q

What are the four steps of the needlestick or splash of blood or saliva procedure?

A
  1. Instructions on who to report to.
  2. First aid procedures in dental office.
  3. Employee offered medical evaluation. (not required to go.)
  4. Explain accident to patient and asked for consent to blood test for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.
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10
Q

What is the first aid procedure for a needle stick/puncture wound?

A

Wash and go for medical evaluation

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11
Q

What is the first aid procedure for splash onto mucus membranes?

A

eye wash station and flush

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12
Q

What are the blood test for patients and employees?

A

HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C

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13
Q

How to follow OSHA hazard communication standard in the office?

A

Identify the major elements and have a written plan titled hazard, communication plan, and how to implement them in the office. Provide initial training on the plan.

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14
Q

What is the difference between primary labeling and secondary labeling?

A

Primary has the
1. product name
2. Manufacture name and address
3. And hazardous warning

Secondary labeling has
1. Product name
2. And hazardous warning

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15
Q

What are the four modes of disease and transmission in dental offices?

A
  1. Contact with infectious point.
  2. Transmission via infected object.
  3. Blood-borne by splatter of blood, saliva or nasal secretions onto broken skin or mucosa
  4. Airborne by air blowing of micros.
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16
Q

What are airborne disease examples and how do you prevent cross contamination?

A

TB, measles and chickenpox-do not treat until resolved

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17
Q

What are blood-borne disease examples and how do you prevent cross contamination ?

A

Hepatitis B and HIV- follow universal precautions, PPE, and workplace practice controls

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18
Q

What are direct contact disease examples and how to prevent cross contamination ?

A

Herpes (cold sores)-you’re not treated until the condition is resolved

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19
Q

What hepatitis virus letters are spread by fecal-oral and spread by blood and other fluids?

A

Hepatitis is A-G. Fecal and oral is A and E, blood etc are the other letters.

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20
Q

What vaccinations are recommended by the CDC?

A

Hepatitis B, flu, measles, mumps, rubella (German measles), varicella zoster (chicken pox)

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21
Q

What transmissions there are no vaccines for?

A

HIV or AIDS, hepatitis C, and tuberculosis (TB)

22
Q

What is the most important step in preventing cross-contamination?

A

Handwashing for 15 seconds following CDC recommendations

23
Q

What is the sequence for wearing PPE?

A
  1. Gown
  2. Mask.
  3. Goggles or face shield.
  4. Gloves.
24
Q

If you wear a face shield, you must also wear a what?

A

Face mask

25
Q

What are the potential infections left behind after disinfection?

A

Tuberculosis, hepatitis a, and hepatitis B virus

26
Q

When using bleach, what are the two requirements you must do?

A

Dilute with water and must be mixed/prepared daily.

27
Q

What shouldn’t be used on surfaces when cleaning?

A

Glutaraldehyde or alcohol should not be used because it is hazardous to patients

28
Q

What should hospital disinfected be registered under and the two different activity levels?

A

EPA registered.

Low level activity (HBV and HIV claims)
Intermediate level activity (TB claims)
* use intermediate level disinfectant if visibly contaminated with blood.

29
Q

What must environmental protection agency (EPA) labels have on disinfectant products?

A

An EPA number.

30
Q

For housekeeping surfaces (floors, walls, and sinks), what can you clean them with?

A

Soap and water or EPA registered hospital disinfectants

31
Q

What procedure is used to clean and disinfect surfaces?

A

The spray wipe spray procedure.

32
Q

What uses cavitation and why is this the preferred way of cleaning instruments?

A

The ultrasonic cleaner uses bubbles and high frequency pressure sideways to agitate a liquid. This forces the degree out of nooks and crannies of instruments.

33
Q

CDC recommends what instruments to be sterilized?

A

Critical and Semi-critical instruments like the autoclave, chemiclave, and dry heat sterilizer.

34
Q

How are heat sensitive items sterilized?

A

Plastic instruments are sterilized with high level disinfectant or chemical sterilant, usually, glutaraldehyde.

35
Q

Difference between critical and semi critical instruments?

A

Critical: instruments that penetrate soft tissue and bone. Example/ scapels, forceps, scalers, and burs.

Semi-critical: instruments that do not penetrate soft tissue or bone but contact oral tissues.

36
Q

When instruments are sterilized and wrapped what certification they must have?

A

ISO certification.

37
Q

How regularly and how you measure the effectiveness of a sterilizing process or machine?

A

Once a week. Spore testing is done on the lower front area of the sterilizer within a set of wrapped instruments. Sent to a lab for processing.

38
Q

CDC recommends sterilization of hand pieces and intraoral devices that can be removed from air and water lines, why?

A

To prevent breakage and maintain the instruments and prevent cross contamination between patients.

39
Q

How long should waterlines be flushed?

A

20-30 seconds to prevent backwash into patients mouth.

40
Q

What does the CDC and OSHA have as two choices to infection control of dental equipment?

A
  1. Use of plastic wrap, impervious paper, or aluminum foil to prevent contamination
  2. Use of disinfectant to decontaminate the dental unit.
41
Q

What are the 5 hazardous materials in the dental offices?

A
  1. Mercury
  2. Nitrous oxide (laughing gas)
  3. Formaldehyde
  4. Glutaraldehyde
  5. Etching acids
42
Q

What is the toxin Mercury, how do you clean it, and how do you reduce spills?

A

Mercury is a poison. Clean up if any spilled. Use PreCap amalgam capsules to reduce spills.

43
Q

What does the toxin Formaldehyde cause, what do you use it in, and what should you do to prevent contamination of it?

A

Causes cancer. Used in biopsy bottles, and keep cap closed so gasses don’t enter the atmosphere.

44
Q

What are the 3 precautions of Nitrous Oxide?

A
  1. Use scavenging mask
  2. Check fitting before turning on
  3. Have good ventilation in the office
45
Q

What does Glutaraldehyde irritate on the body, and how do you prevent contamination in the office?

A

Skin, eye, and respiratory. Keep containers covered and do not use as a disinfectant.

46
Q

What are the side effects of acids, how do you handle them, and if etching acids get in the eye what do you do?

A

Skin and eye burns. Use PPE. Rinse immediately at eye wash station.

47
Q

What are the 3 categories of Biohazardous/Medical (Regulated) waste according to OSHA standards.

A
  1. Sharps
  2. Items saturated with blood and saliva
  3. Tissues: hard or soft removed from patient.
48
Q

What does the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality do?

A

Regulate medical waste in Texas. Ruled that medical waste can be placed in regular trash if non-biohazardous (wrap, sterilize, and dispose)

49
Q

When treating patients with a procedure that doesn’t have splash or splatter what is required to wear when transporting dental items?

A

Gloves.

50
Q

How to disinfect items going into the lab?

A

Intermediate EPA hospital disinfectant for short contact time.

51
Q

Should you review the Quality Assurance Infection Control manual? If so, what must it have?

A

Yearly to make sure the procedures are done correctly in office and it must have a checklist.

Dental Assistant (2 decks)

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